SCA Definition.

Strong Customer Authentication: the strong authentication required by PSD2, based on at least two independent factors from among knowledge (a PIN or password), possession (a phone, a card), and inherence (biometrics). It applies to electronic payments initiated by the payer, with defined exemptions: low-value payments (up to €30), transaction risk analysis (TRA), and trusted beneficiaries; MITs are out of scope. Its full rollout in France in 2021 sharply reduced authenticated e-commerce fraud, at the cost of friction the industry has been working to reduce ever since.

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