Data

Where the world’s payments go. 3,032 billion transactions a year, instrument by instrument.

From cards to mobile wallets, from instant payments to cash: each family takes up an area proportional to its actual volume. Drill into a tile to see the networks, countries, and figures behind it, each with its source.

Payments around the world

Breakdown of the world’s electronic payments by major instrument family, by NUMBER of transactions. Each box opens onto the level it contains.

Source Each branch carries its source; see the detail in each cell.

Show all the data behind this chart

Payments around the world 3,031.7 billion transactions a year
Breakdown of the world’s electronic payments by major instrument family, by NUMBER of transactions. Each box opens onto the level it contains.
Source: Each branch carries its source; see the detail in each cell.
- Payment cards 823 billion transactions a year · 2024
  Number of PURCHASE transactions (goods and services) settled by card worldwide in 2024. Scope: credit, debit, and prepaid cards. Cash withdrawals, transfers between cardholders, and fund advances are EXCLUDED; private label store cards are excluded. The figure is the sum of two blocs: (1) the six global networks measured by Nilson Report, 772.73 billion transactions in 2024 (up 12.4% year-on-year); (2) domestic schemes documented outside global networks (Mir, Interac), 50.23 billion. This total is therefore a floor: several purely domestic networks (RuPay in India, Elo in Brazil, Cartes Bancaires in France, Bancontact, Dankort, Shetab in Iran, BC Card in Korea, Troy in Turkey, Meeza in Egypt) do not publish comparable counts or risk overlap with global network figures, and are not counted here. The split between proximity and e-commerce is not published by any major network on a comparable basis and therefore does not appear in this tree.
  Source: The Nilson Report, No. 1288, June 2025, "Global Network Card Results Worldwide — 2024", https://nilsonreport.com/articles/global-network-card-results-worldwide-2024/; supplemented by Central Bank of Russia and Interac Corp. (see child nodes).
  - Visa 286.4 · 2024
    Payment transactions (excluding cash) on cards and other media bearing Visa, Visa Electron, V PAY, and Interlink marks, in the Visa fiscal year ended September 30, 2024. Figure published by Visa Inc.: 286,434 million payment transactions, to which add 17,057 million cash withdrawals/transactions not counted here. Visa excludes from these totals co-badged transactions routed on a domestic network in Europe. The sum of six regions yields 286,433 (rounding variance of 1 million from the published total). By way of cross-check, the Nilson Report attributes to Visa 38.66 percent of worldwide purchase transactions of the six marks in the first half of 2024, or approximately 298.7 Bn in calendar year 2024: the variance from 286.4 Bn stems from the fiscal/calendar year offset and the European co-badge scope.
    Source: Visa Inc., Operational Performance Data, Q4 FY2024 (12 months ended 30/09/2024), https://s1.q4cdn.com/050606653/files/doc_financials/2024/q4/Q4FY24-Visa-Operational-Performance-Data-FINAL.pdf
    - Visa · United States 103.5 · 2024
      103,485 million Visa payment transactions in the United States for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, representing $6,467 billion in payment volume. Visa's largest region, accounting for approximately 36% of global transactions.
      Source: Visa Inc., Operational Performance Data, Q4 FY2024, https://s1.q4cdn.com/050606653/files/doc_financials/2024/q4/Q4FY24-Visa-Operational-Performance-Data-FINAL.pdf.
      - Debit (including prepaid) 68.159 · 2024
        Source: Visa Inc., Operational Performance Data, Q4 FY2024, section "Visa Debit Programs", https://s1.q4cdn.com/050606653/files/doc_financials/2024/q4/Q4FY24-Visa-Operational-Performance-Data-FINAL.pdf
      - Credit 35.326 · 2024
        Source: Visa Inc., Operational Performance Data, Q4 FY2024, 'Visa Credit Programs' section, https://s1.q4cdn.com/050606653/files/doc_financials/2024/q4/Q4FY24-Visa-Operational-Performance-Data-FINAL.pdf
    - Visa · Europe 71.924 · 2024
      Source: Visa Inc., Operational Performance Data, Q4 FY2024, https://s1.q4cdn.com/050606653/files/doc_financials/2024/q4/Q4FY24-Visa-Operational-Performance-Data-FINAL.pdf.
    - Visa · Asia-Pacific 45.715 · 2024
      Source: Visa Inc., Operational Performance Data, Q4 FY2024, https://s1.q4cdn.com/050606653/files/doc_financials/2024/q4/Q4FY24-Visa-Operational-Performance-Data-FINAL.pdf.
    - Visa · Latin America and Caribbean 34.742 · 2024
      Source: Visa Inc., Operational Performance Data, Q4 FY2024, https://s1.q4cdn.com/050606653/files/doc_financials/2024/q4/Q4FY24-Visa-Operational-Performance-Data-FINAL.pdf.
    - Visa · Central Europe, Middle East, and Africa 24.231 · 2024
      Source: Visa Inc., Operational Performance Data, Q4 FY2024, https://s1.q4cdn.com/050606653/files/doc_financials/2024/q4/Q4FY24-Visa-Operational-Performance-Data-FINAL.pdf.
    - Visa · Canada 6.336 · 2024
      Source: Visa Inc., Operational Performance Data, Q4 FY2024, https://s1.q4cdn.com/050606653/files/doc_financials/2024/q4/Q4FY24-Visa-Operational-Performance-Data-FINAL.pdf.
  - UnionPay 256.2 · 2024
    Source: The Nilson Report, no. 1276, December 2024, "Global Brand Cards Worldwide—Midyear 2024" (share of 33.15%), https://nilsonreport.com/articles/global-brand-cards-worldwide-midyear-2024/; annual total: Nilson no. 1288, June 2025. Cross-check: People's Bank of China, Payment System Report Q4 2024, https://www.pbc.gov.cn/en/3688247/3688978/3709143/2025080817520780361/2025040215533470751.pdf
  - Mastercard 191.7 · 2024
    Transactions on Mastercard brand cards (credit, charge, debit, and prepaid, including Maestro) in calendar year 2024: 191,721 million published by Mastercard, or 24.8% of total global transactions across six brands. The sum of all five regions yields 191,720 (rounding gap of 1 million). Cash transactions are excluded. Mastercard switches only part of these on its own network (42.2 billion "switched transactions" in Q4 2024 alone): the balance flows through other switches.
    Source: Mastercard Incorporated, Supplemental Operational Performance Data 4Q 2024 (published 01/30/2025), https://s25.q4cdn.com/479285134/files/doc_financials/2024/q4/4Q24-Mastercard-Supplemental-Operational-Performance-Data.pdf; switched transactions: Mastercard, 4Q 2024 Earnings Release, https://s25.q4cdn.com/479285134/files/doc_financials/2024/q4/4Q24-Mastercard-Earnings-Release.pdf
    - Mastercard · Europe 73.602 · 2024
      Source: Mastercard Incorporated, Supplemental Operational Performance Data 4Q 2024, table "Purchase Transactions (Millions)", https://s25.q4cdn.com/479285134/files/doc_financials/2024/q4/4Q24-Mastercard-Supplemental-Operational-Performance-Data.pdf
    - Mastercard · Asia-Pacific, Middle East, Africa 45.59 · 2024
      Source: Mastercard Incorporated, Supplemental Operational Performance Data 4Q 2024, https://s25.q4cdn.com/479285134/files/doc_financials/2024/q4/4Q24-Mastercard-Supplemental-Operational-Performance-Data.pdf
    - Mastercard · United States 42.58 · 2024
      42,581 million published purchase transactions, for $2,784 billion; 42,580 after recomposing the two credit and debit lines (rounded). In the US, Mastercard performs roughly 2.4 times fewer transactions than Visa.
      Source: Mastercard Incorporated, Supplemental Operational Performance Data 4Q 2024, https://s25.q4cdn.com/479285134/files/doc_financials/2024/q4/4Q24-Mastercard-Supplemental-Operational-Performance-Data.pdf
      - Debit and prepay 26.275 · 2024
        Source: Mastercard Incorporated, Supplemental Operational Performance Data 4Q 2024, section 'Mastercard Debit and Prepaid Programs', https://s25.q4cdn.com/479285134/files/doc_financials/2024/q4/4Q24-Mastercard-Supplemental-Operational-Performance-Data.pdf
      - Credit and charge 16.305 · 2024
        Source: Mastercard Incorporated, Supplemental Operational Performance Data 4Q 2024, section 'Mastercard Credit and Charge Programs', https://s25.q4cdn.com/479285134/files/doc_financials/2024/q4/4Q24-Mastercard-Supplemental-Operational-Performance-Data.pdf
    - Mastercard · Latin America 25.669 · 2024
      Source: Mastercard Incorporated, Supplemental Operational Performance Data 4Q 2024, https://s25.q4cdn.com/479285134/files/doc_financials/2024/q4/4Q24-Mastercard-Supplemental-Operational-Performance-Data.pdf
    - Mastercard · Canada 4.279 · 2024
      Source: Mastercard Incorporated, Supplemental Operational Performance Data 4Q 2024, https://s25.q4cdn.com/479285134/files/doc_financials/2024/q4/4Q24-Mastercard-Supplemental-Operational-Performance-Data.pdf; market shares: The Nilson Report No. 1281, March 2025, https://nilsonreport.com/articles/canada-card-issuers-and-networks-2024/
  - American Express, JCB, Discover/Diners Club and perimeter gap 38.417 · 2024
    Source: Paypedia calculation by difference on The Nilson Report no. 1288 total, June 2025, https://nilsonreport.com/articles/global-network-card-results-worldwide-2024/.
  - Documented domestic schemes (excluding global networks) 50.23 · 2024
    Purely national card networks, excluded by construction from the Nilson scope of the six global schemes. PARTIAL COVERAGE ASSUMED: only schemes whose operator or central bank publishes transaction counts AND whose additivity with global scheme figures is established are retained, namely Mir (Russia, where Visa and Mastercard ceased operating in 2022) and Interac (Canada, domestic debit distinct from Visa/Mastercard). NOT counted, due to lack of comparable public counts or risk of double-counting with volumes declared by Visa/Mastercard: RuPay (India), Elo (Brazil), Cartes Bancaires (France), Bancontact, Dankort, Troy (Turkey), BC Card (Korea), Meeza (Egypt), Shetab (Iran). This node is therefore a floor, not a true measure of domestic scheme weight.
    Source: Sum of documented children: Bank of Russia, National Payment System Oversight Results 2024 (2025); Interac Corp., 2024 Corporate Year in Review.
    - Mir (Russia) 43.63 · 2024
      Source: Bank of Russia, "National Payment System Oversight Results 2024," Moscow 2025, sections "Payment card market" and "Mir PS," http://www.cbr.ru/collection/collection/file/59323/results_2024_e.pdf.
    - Interac Debit (Canada) 6.6 · 2024
      Source: Interac Corp., "2024 Corporate Year in Review," https://www.interac.ca/en/company/about/corporate-year-in-review/2024-corporate-year-in-review/; cross-checked against The Nilson Report no. 1281, March 2025, https://nilsonreport.com/articles/canada-card-issuers-and-networks-2024/
- Instant credit transfers 361.1 billion transactions a year · 2024
  Global volume of interbank remittances settled in seconds, 24/7, with immediate and irrevocable placement of funds at the beneficiary. WHAT IS COUNTED: transactions processed by fast payment systems listed in the Red Book of the CPMI-BRI, supplemented by central bank and operator statements for countries the Red Book does not cover (Thailand, Nigeria, Vietnam, Philippines). WHAT IS EXCLUDED, and the gap is significant: cards; electronic money wallets, foremost among which Alipay and WeChat Pay, which are not interbank remittances; deferred transfers (ACH, Bacs, SEPA standard); large-value systems; intra-bank Pix not settled in SPI (approximately 7 billion transactions); finally, two systems the CPMI classifies as "retail" not "fast payments" yet settle in near-real time, namely the Korean Interbank Shared Networks (13.96 billion transactions in 2024) and Interac e-Transfer in Canada (1.42 billion). Including them would bring the total to roughly 376 billion. REFERENCE YEAR: 2024, the latest year for which comparable institutional sources cover all countries. 2025 orders of magnitude are given in descriptions.
  Source: Paypedia: aggregation of sources carried by each child node. Backbone: BIS/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024 ("Payment systems, fast payments"), https://data.bis.org/topics/CPMI.
  - India · UPI 172.2 · 2024
    Unified Payments Interface, switched by NPCI. 172.21B transactions in 2024 (17,220.80 crore) for 246.83 lakh crore rupees. The world's first instant rail by itself: nearly one of every two planetary instant transactions. Does not include IMPS, counted separately.
    Source: BIS/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, series IN9P "UPI" (reporter: Reserve Bank of India), https://data.bis.org/topics/CPMI.
    - Merchant payments (P2M) 108.5 · 2024
      63% of UPI volume. In-store QR payment absorbed most growth: UPI first pays merchants, second transfers between individuals.
      Source: Reserve Bank of India, Payment Systems Report, Half year ended December 2024, https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Publications/PDFs/PSR270120251BEE95CF47F2426B9740075D405FA070.PDF
      - Less than 500 ₹ (~5.5 €) 93.3 · 2024
      - 500 ₹ and over 15.19 · 2024
    - Transfers between individuals (P2P) 63.72 · 2024
      37% of UPI volume. Share in relative decline: P2P grows, but slower than merchant payments.
      Source: Reserve Bank of India, Payment Systems Report, Half year ended December 2024, https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Publications/PDFs/PSR270120251BEE95CF47F2426B9740075D405FA070.PDF
      - Less than 500 ₹ (~5.5 €) 37.59 · 2024
      - 500 ₹ and over 26.13 · 2024
  - Brazil · Pix (SPI) 56.31 · 2024
    Pix transactions settled in the SPI, the Central Bank's instant settlement system. Scope deliberately aligned with Red Book: "intrabancaire" Pix (payer and beneficiary at the same establishment, not sent to SPI, approximately 7B transactions in 2024) is EXCLUDED here. All-channels Pix weighed ~63B in 2024 and 79.6B in 2025.
    Source: BRI/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, BR7P "SPI" series (56,312M), cross-checked transaction-by-transaction with Banco Central do Brasil public series (56,309M), gap 0.006%. BRI/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, "Payment systems, fast payments" table, https://data.bis.org/topics/CPMI.
    - Peer-to-peer (P2P) 27.49 · 2024
      Source: Banco Central do Brasil, Estatísticas do Pix, PixNaturezadaTransacaoQTD series (API Olinda), https://olinda.bcb.gov.br/olinda/servico/Pix/versao/v1/odata/PixNaturezadaTransacaoQTD.
    - Individual to business (P2B) 22.12 · 2024
      Source: Banco Central do Brasil, Estatísticas do Pix, PixNaturezadaTransacaoQTD series (API Olinda), https://olinda.bcb.gov.br/olinda/servico/Pix/versao/v1/odata/PixNaturezadaTransacaoQTD.
    - Business to individual (B2P) 4.81 · 2024
      Source: Banco Central do Brasil, Estatísticas do Pix, PixNaturezadaTransacaoQTD series (API Olinda), https://olinda.bcb.gov.br/olinda/servico/Pix/versao/v1/odata/PixNaturezadaTransacaoQTD.
    - Between businesses (B2B) 1.69 · 2024
      Source: Banco Central do Brasil, Estatísticas do Pix, PixNaturezadaTransacaoQTD series (API Olinda), https://olinda.bcb.gov.br/olinda/servico/Pix/versao/v1/odata/PixNaturezadaTransacaoQTD.
    - With administrations (P2G, B2G, G2P, G2B, G2G) 0.2 · 2024
      Source: Banco Central do Brasil, Estatísticas do Pix, PixNaturezadaTransacaoQTD series (API Olinda), https://olinda.bcb.gov.br/olinda/servico/Pix/versao/v1/odata/PixNaturezadaTransacaoQTD.
  - Thailand · PromptPay 24.6 · 2024
    Source: Bank of Thailand, Payment Systems Statistics, table PS_PT_018 'Use of PromptPay', https://app.bot.or.th/BTWS_STAT/statistics/BOTWEBSTAT.aspx?reportID=921&language=ENG
  - China · IBPS 16.65 · 2024
    Source: BRI/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, series CN5P "IBPS" (reporting institution: People's Bank of China). BRI/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, table "Payment systems, fast payments", https://data.bis.org/topics/CPMI.
  - Russia · SBP (Fast Payments System) 13.4 · 2024
    13.4 billion operations for 69.5 trillion rubles in 2024, doubling in one year. Operated by the Bank of Russia via NSPK.
    Source: Bank of Russia, "СБП: основные показатели" (SBP Key Metrics), 2024 Year Review, https://www.cbr.ru/analytics/nps/sbp/4_2024/
    - Transfers between individuals (C2C) 10 · 2024
      Source: Bank of Russia, "СБП: основные показатели", 2024 report, https://www.cbr.ru/analytics/nps/sbp/4_2024/
    - Goods and services payments and others (C2B, B2C, Me2Me) 3.4 · 2024
      Source: Bank of Russia, "Every fourth operation in SBP is a purchase of goods or services" and 2024 report, https://www.cbr.ru/analytics/nps/sbp/4_2024/.
  - Argentina · Instant transfers (SNP) 12.37 · 2024
    Source: BRI/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, AR2P series 'SNP — Sistema Nacional de Pagos' (reporting entity: Banco Central de la República Argentina). BRI/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, table 'Payment systems, fast payments', https://data.bis.org/topics/CPMI
  - Nigeria · NIP (NIBSS Instant Payments) 11 · 2024
    Source: AfricaNenda, World Bank and AfDB, SIIPS 2025, NIP Nigeria case study (NIBSS and Central Bank of Nigeria data), https://www.africanenda.org/uploads/files/siips2025/siips_2025_NIP-Nigeria_CaseStudy_en.pdf
  - Vietnam · NAPAS 24/7 8.94 · 2024
    NAPAS processed 9.56 billion transactions in 2024 (+33.5%), with 93.5% from the NAPAS 247 instant transfer service alone—8.94 billion. The remainder is ATM withdrawals (2.63%) and card operations outside this domain.
    Source: NAPAS (Vietnamese national switch operator), 2024 results, relayed by the Vietnamese government portal, https://baochinhphu.vn/nam-2024-dich-vu-chuyen-tien-nhanh-napas-247-tang-tuong-ung-347-ve-so-luong-102241130212338074.htm
    - Initiated by VietQR 2.98 · 2024
    - Initiated by account number or phone number 5.96 · 2024
  - India · IMPS 5.94 · 2024
    Source: BIS/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, series IN7P "IMPS". BIS/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, table "Payment systems, fast payments", https://data.bis.org/topics/CPMI
  - Eurozone · SCT Instantaneous 5.84 · 2024
    Source: European Payments Council, 'EPC Update on Payment Schemes and VOP deployment', presentation EPC065-26 to ECB AMI-Pay group, May 6, 2026, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/paym/groups/shared/docs/07bd9-ami-pay-2026-05-05-4.-epc-update-on-payment-schemes-and-vop-deployment.pdf
  - Mexico · SPEI 5.34 · 2024
    Source: BIS/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, series MX1P "SPEI" (reporter: Banco de México). BIS/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, table "Payment systems, fast payments," https://data.bis.org/topics/CPMI.
  - United Kingdom · Faster Payments 5.09 · 2024
    Source: BIS/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, GB5P series "Faster Payments Service" (operator: Pay.UK). BIS/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, table "Payment systems, fast payments", https://data.bis.org/topics/CPMI
  - Türkiye · FAST 4.63 · 2024
    Source: BIS/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, series TR7P "Fast System" (reporter: Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası). BIS/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, table "Payment systems, fast payments", https://data.bis.org/topics/CPMI
  - Japan · Zengin 2.11 · 2024
    Source: BIS/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, series JP3P "Zengin System". BIS/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, table "Payment systems, fast payments", https://data.bis.org/topics/CPMI.
  - Australia · NPP 1.66 · 2024
    Source: BIS/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, AU2P series "NPP" (reporter: Reserve Bank of Australia). BIS/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, table "Payment systems, fast payments", https://data.bis.org/topics/CPMI
  - Philippines · InstaPay 1.41 · 2024
    Source: Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, "InstaPay Volume and Value" (source BancNet), sum of twelve months 2024, https://www.bsp.gov.ph/PaymentAndSettlement/Instapay.pdf.
  - Sweden · RIX-INST and BIR 1.01 · 2024
    Source: BIS/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, series SE6P 'RIX-INST' and SE5P 'BIR'. BIS/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, table 'Payment systems, fast payments', https://data.bis.org/topics/CPMI
  - Hong Kong · Faster Payment System 0.72 · 2024
    Source: BIS/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, HKBP and HKCP series "Faster Payment System". BIS/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, table "Payment systems, fast payments", https://data.bis.org/topics/CPMI
  - Singapore · FAST 0.5 · 2024
    Source: BIS/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, SG6P series "FAST" (reporting party: Monetary Authority of Singapore). BIS/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, "Payment systems, fast payments" table, https://data.bis.org/topics/CPMI.
  - United States · RTP and FedNow 0.35 · 2024
    Source: BIS/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, series US8P "Real Time Payments" (343.0M) and US9P "FedNow" (1.51M). BIS/CPMI, Red Book statistics 2024, table "Payment systems, fast payments", https://data.bis.org/topics/CPMI
  - Other instant systems (rest of world) 11 · 2024
    Source: Paypedia: completeness node estimated (systems outside Red Book 2024 CPMI-BIS scope and not detailed above). See description: not a census.
- Standard transfers and direct debits 141.3 billion transactions a year · 2025
  Non-instant detail transfers (batch processing, deferred settlement, or D+0/D+1), and automatic deductions, measured in number of operations. The displayed value is the EXACT SUM of jurisdictions documented below: this is not an exhaustive worldwide total. Excluded by construction: instant payments (Pix, UPI, SCT Inst, FedNow, UK FPS, Australian NPP, Chinese IBPS, Japanese Zengin which BIS classes as fast payments), cards, checks, electronic money, and large-value transfers (RTGS). Absent for lack of a consistent official figure: Japanese deductions (koza-furikae), Russia, Indonesia, Nigeria, the Gulf, most of Africa and Southeast Asia, and EU outside the euro zone except Sweden. The true worldwide total is thus higher; the gap is not measurable from primary sources.
  Source: Paypedia aggregation of national primary sources: ECB, Nacha, Reserve Bank of India, People's Bank of China, Pay.UK, Reserve Bank of Australia, Payments Canada, BIS/CPMI Red Book (2024 and 2025 vintages stated node by node)
  - Eurozone (SEPA) 49.408 · 2025
    SEPA non-instant credit transfers and direct debits declared by payment service providers in the 20 eurozone countries. Sum of both 2025 semesters. Instant transfers (SCT Inst, roughly 8.33 Bn transactions in 2025) are removed here and fall under the "instant payments" branch. Eurozone scope only: non-euro EU (Poland, Romania, Denmark, Czechia, Hungary, etc.) is not included.
    Source: European Central Bank, Payments statistics, first half of 2025 and second half of 2025, published January and July 2026, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/stats/paysec/html/ecb.pis2025h2~23986fb4a6.en.html
    - Non-instantaneous SEPA credit transfers 26.348 · 2025
      Total euro zone credit transfers in 2025 (€16.89 billion in H1 plus €17.79 billion in H2, totaling €34.68 billion) minus instant credit transfers. The ECB reports that instant credit transfers represented 23% of credit transfer volume in H1 2025 and 25% in H2 2025 across euro zone retail payment systems, accounting for €8.33 billion of operations removed here. This share is published on the scope of clearing systems; applied to the total declared by payment service providers, it therefore represents an assumed approximation.
      Source: European Central Bank, Payments statistics second half of 2025, table 1 of annex, July 2026, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pdf/pis/ecb.pis2025h2_annex~db1a0e95c6.en.pdf.
      - Transfers initiated on paper support 1.78 · 2025
      - Non-instant electronic transfers 24.568 · 2025
        Source: European Central Bank, Payments statistics second half of 2025, annex table 1 (balance method), July 2026, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pdf/pis/ecb.pis2025h2_annex~db1a0e95c6.en.pdf.
    - Direct Debits SEPA 23.06 · 2025
      Direct debits (SDD Core and B2B) initiated by the creditor under a mandate from the debtor: 11.33 billion in H1 2025 and 11.73 billion in H2 2025. They carried €5.61 trillion in value in H2 2025, an average ticket of about €480. This is the instrument for subscriptions, energy and telecom bills, insurance, and loan installments.
      Source: European Central Bank, Payments statistics second half of 2025, table 1 of annex, July 2026, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pdf/pis/ecb.pis2025h2_annex~db1a0e95c6.en.pdf.
      - Direct debits on electronic mandate 3 · 2025
      - Direct debits on non-electronic mandate 20.06 · 2025
  - United States (network ACH) 35.19 · 2025
    2025 volume of the U.S. ACH network: 35.19 billion transactions for $93 trillion. ACH is a batch system, including its Same Day ACH option (1.45 billion transactions in 2025), which remains window processing not instant payment: the entire network therefore falls in this branch. "On-network" figure; Nacha estimates 42.1 billion total including internal bank operations ("off-network"), not included here for lack of breakdown.
    Source: Nacha, ACH Network Volume and Value Statistics, year 2025, February 2026, https://www.nacha.org/content/ach-network-volume-and-value-statistics.
    - DEBIT DIRECT DEBITS (direct debits) 19.59 · 2025
      Operations drawn by the beneficiary on the payer's account: 19.59 billion operations for $31,680 billion in 2025. This is the American equivalent of SEPA direct debit and the majority of the network by count.
      - Invoices and consumer debits 17.16 · 2025
        Nacha's "Consumer Bill Payments and Other Debits" category: 17.16 billion transactions valued at $12,040 billion in 2025. Covers bill payments, purchases, and person-initiated account-to-account transfers.
        Internet authorisation (WEB) 11.41 · 2025
        Recurring preauthorized debits (PPD) 4.86 · 2025
        Authorization by phone (TEL) 0.8 · 2025
        Initiated by the customer (CIE) 0.09 · 2025
      - Other debits (essentially between businesses) 2.43 · 2025
        Source: Nacha, ACH Network Volume and Value Statistics, year 2025 (calculated by balance), February 2026, https://www.nacha.org/content/ach-network-volume-and-value-statistics.
    - ACH Credits (credit transfers) 15.6 · 2025
      Payer-initiated operations: 15.60 billion operations for $61,320 billion in 2025. Average ticket far higher than debits. This is the rail for payroll and supplier settlements.
      - Direct deposits (salaries and benefits) 8.74 · 2025
        8.74bn transactions for $16,490bn in 2025: payroll, pensions, social benefits, tax refunds. It is the historical channel for income disbursement in the United States.
        Commercial direct debits 7.31 · 2025
        Direct debit collections 1.43 · 2025
      - Peer-to-peer credit transfers 0.47 · 2025
      - Other credits (mainly B2B suppliers) 6.39 · 2025
        Source: Nacha, ACH Network Volume and Value Statistics, year 2025 (calculated by balance), February 2026, https://www.nacha.org/content/ach-network-volume-and-value-statistics.
  - India (NEFT and NACH) 16.039 · 2024
    Indian batch transfer and debit systems, excluding UPI and IMPS which are instant. Calendar year 2024. Consistency check: BIS counts 14.14 billion non-instant transfers in India in 2024, exactly matching the NEFT + NACH Credit total calculated here (14.137 billion).
    Source: Reserve Bank of India, Payment Systems Report (half-year ended December 2024), January 2025, https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Publications/PDFs/PSR270120251BEE95CF47F2426B9740075D405FA070.PDF
    - NEFT 9.268 · 2024
    - NACH 6.771 · 2024
      National Automated Clearing House, operated by NPCI: centralized clearing chamber for mass repetitive payments. 677.09 crore of operations in 2024 (6.77 billion) for 42.15 lakh crore rupees.
      - NACH Credit (bulk disbursements) 4.869 · 2024
        Distribution "one to many": salaries, pensions, subsidies, dividends, interest. 486.92 crore operations in 2024 (4.87 B) for 21.46 lakh crore rupees, growing 12.8% annually since 2019.
        Source: Reserve Bank of India, Payment Systems Report (half-year ended December 2024), section 6.12, January 2025, https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Publications/PDFs/PSR270120251BEE95CF47F2426B9740075D405FA070.PDF.
        APBS: public aid paid via Aadhaar identity 3.219 · 2024
        Source: Reserve Bank of India, Payment Systems Report (half-year ended December 2024), January 2025, https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Publications/PDFs/PSR270120251BEE95CF47F2426B9740075D405FA070.PDF
        NACH Credit without SDD 1.65 · 2024
        Source: Reserve Bank of India, Payment Systems Report (half-year ended December 2024), January 2025, https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Publications/PDFs/PSR270120251BEE95CF47F2426B9740075D405FA070.PDF
      - NACH Debit (direct debits) 1.902 · 2024
        Source: Reserve Bank of India, Payment Systems Report (half-year ended December 2024), section 6.13, January 2025, https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Publications/PDFs/PSR270120251BEE95CF47F2426B9740075D405FA070.PDF.
  - Brazil 11.151 · 2024
    Direct debits and non-instant transfers reported by Brazil's Central Bank to BIS CPMI statistics for 2024. Mind the scope: Brazil's "direct debits" series is far wider than SEPA direct debit. It includes recurring bill collections (convênios/arrecadação) and grows from 5.77 billion in 2019 to 11.12 billion in 2024. Pix, weighing 63.4 billion operations in 2024, is excluded as instant.
    Source: Bank for International Settlements, CPMI Red Book statistics, WS_CPMI_CASHLESS dataset, 2024 data as reported by Central Bank of Brazil, https://data.bis.org/topics/CPMI.
    - Direct debit and recurring collections 11.118 · 2024
    - Non-immediate credit transfers 0.033 · 2024
  - United Kingdom (Bacs) 6.86 · 2025
    Bacs system, batch clearing house with three-day business cycle, run by Pay.UK: 6.86 billion operations in 2025 for £6,050 billion. Faster Payments, instant, is outside.
    Source: Pay.UK, Bacs Payment System statistics and Annual summary of payment statistics 2025, February 2026, https://www.wearepay.uk/what-we-do/payment-systems/bacs-payment-system/bacs-payment-system-statistics/
    - Direct Debit (direct debit) 5 · 2025
      Source: Pay.UK, Bacs Payment System statistics, year 2025, https://www.wearepay.uk/what-we-do/payment-systems/bacs-payment-system/bacs-payment-system-statistics/
    - Bacs Direct Credit (bulk transfer) 1.86 · 2025
      Source: Pay.UK, Bacs Payment System statistics, year 2025 (Bacs total balance), https://www.wearepay.uk/what-we-do/payment-systems/bacs-payment-system/bacs-payment-system-statistics/
  - China (BEPS bulk payment system) 5.092 · 2025
    Source: People's Bank of China, 2025年支付体系运行总体情况 (Overall Situation of the Payment System in 2025), February 2026, relayed by the National Clearing Center, https://www.cncc.cn/ywfw/tjsj/202603/t20260323_3246.html.
  - Australia (Direct Entry / BECS) 3.308 · 2025
    Bulk Electronic Clearing System: 3.31 billion transactions in 2025 worth A$17.53 trillion. A batch system with deferred settlement, separate from the instant New Payments Platform. AusPayNet had set a June 2030 target for its retirement but withdrew that date in December 2025, and no new deadline has been set.
    Source: Reserve Bank of Australia, Statistical Table C6.1, Direct Entry and NPP, Original Series, data as of August 7, 2026, https://www.rba.gov.au/statistics/tables/csv/c6.1-data.csv.
    - Credit transfers (direct credits) 2.15 · 2025
      Source: Reserve Bank of Australia, Statistical Table C6.1, Direct Entry and NPP, Original Series (sum of twelve months 2025), https://www.rba.gov.au/statistics/tables/csv/c6.1-data.csv.
    - Direct debits 1.158 · 2025
      Source: Reserve Bank of Australia, Statistical Table C6.1, Direct Entry and NPP, Original Series (sum of twelve months 2025), https://www.rba.gov.au/statistics/tables/csv/c6.1-data.csv.
  - Other documented jurisdictions 14.29 · 2024
    Jurisdictions where official data on non-instant transfers and direct debits exist, but split by use is not published. Each child adds non-rapid transfers and direct debits. Missing: countries without homogeneous series (Japan ex-transfers, Russia, Indonesia, Nigeria, Gulf, Southeast Asia, Africa majority) nor non-euro EU except Sweden.
    Source: Bank for International Settlements, CPMI Red Book statistics (dataset WS_CPMI_CASHLESS, 2024 data), supplemented by Payments Canada for Canada, https://data.bis.org/topics/CPMI.
    - South Korea 4.554 · 2024
      Source: BIS, CPMI Red Book statistics, WS_CPMI_CASHLESS dataset, 2024 data reported by Bank of Korea, https://data.bis.org/topics/CPMI
    - South Africa 3.475 · 2024
      Source: Bank for International Settlements, CPMI Red Book statistics, dataset WS_CPMI_CASHLESS, 2024 data reported by the South African Reserve Bank, https://data.bis.org/topics/CPMI.
    - Canada 2.473 · 2025
      Source: Payments Canada, Automated Clearing Settlement System (ACSS) statistics, year 2025, https://www.payments.ca/insights/research/automated-clearing-settlement-system-acss-statistics.
    - Switzerland 1.964 · 2024
      Source: Bank for International Settlements, CPMI Red Book statistics, WS_CPMI_CASHLESS dataset, 2024 data as reported by Swiss National Bank, https://data.bis.org/topics/CPMI.
    - Türkiye 0.603 · 2024
      Source: Bank for International Settlements, CPMI Red Book statistics, WS_CPMI_CASHLESS game, 2024 data reported by the Banque centrale de la République de Türkiye, https://data.bis.org/topics/CPMI.
    - Sweden 0.584 · 2024
      Source: Bank for International Settlements, CPMI Red Book stats, dataset WS_CPMI_CASHLESS, 2024 data reported by Sveriges Riksbank, https://data.bis.org/topics/CPMI
    - Argentina 0.35 · 2024
      Source: Bank for International Settlements, CPMI Red Book statistics, WS_CPMI_CASHLESS dataset, 2024 data reported by Banco Central de la República Argentina, https://data.bis.org/topics/CPMI
    - Mexico 0.249 · 2024
      Source: Bank for International Settlements, CPMI Red Book statistics, WS_CPMI_CASHLESS dataset, 2024 data as declared by Banco de México, https://data.bis.org/topics/CPMI
    - Japan 0.038 · 2024
      Source: Bank for International Settlements, CPMI Red Book statistics, WS_CPMI_CASHLESS dataset, 2024 data as declared by Bank of Japan, https://data.bis.org/topics/CPMI
- Wallets and mobile money 1,662.1 billion transactions a year · 2025
  Payments initiated from an electronic wallet, counted in NUMBER of operations not amount: this measures usage frequency, insensitive to exchange rates and large interenterprise flows. Two families oppose: BALANCE wallets, where money is stored in the wallet itself (Alipay, WeChat Pay, M-Pesa, MTN MoMo), and PASS-THROUGH wallets, which store nothing and merely present a tokenised card or steer a bank account (Apple Pay, Google Pay, UPI applications). WATCH THE SCOPE: this total is not an exhaustive worldwide measure, it is the sum of zones alone where an institution publishes operation count (China, GSMA mobile money, India). Absent for lack of official volume statistics: Apple Pay and Google Pay outside India, wallets from Indonesia, Korea, Japan and Latin America, merchant-owned wallets, and prepaid cards. Partly overlaps the instant transfer branch: UPI applications are the wallet interface of a real-time rail, counted here on the interface side, not the rail.
  Source: Paypedia aggregation of three primary sources, each cited on its node: People's Bank of China (2025), GSMA State of the Industry Report on Mobile Money 2025 (2024 data), NPCI India (2025).
  - Wallets with balance 1,433.9 · 2025
    Wallets holding a balance: the user loads money into it, spends it, transfers it, withdraws it. This balance is electronic money issued by a payment institution, legally distinct from a bank deposit. This is the dominant model everywhere banking penetration is partial. Sum of the two sole perimeters officially counted in operations: non-bank payment in China (People's Bank of China) and telecom mobile money (GSMA). Does not include wallet balances in Indonesia, South Korea, Japan, or Latin America: their central banks publish amounts but not operation counts over a comparable perimeter.
    Source: Aggregation from People's Bank of China (2025) and GSMA (2024) — detail on child nodes.
    - China—non-bank payment institutions 1,325.5 · 2025
      Source: People's Bank of China, 2025 nian zhifu tixi yunxing zongti qingkuang (Overall Status of Payment System Operations in 2025), February 2026, https://www.cncc.cn/ywfw/tjsj/202603/t20260323_3246.html
    - Mobile money (telecom operators) 108.4 · 2024
      108.4 billion operations for 1,680 billion dollars in 2024, on 2 billion registered accounts and 514 million 30-day active accounts. GSMA scope: electronic money services accessible from phone, mostly carried by telecom operators or their subsidiaries (M-Pesa, MTN MoMo, Airtel Money, Orange Money, bKash, GCash). Volume +20% and value +16% year-on-year. 2024 is retained here: the next report publishes 2025 value (over 2,000 billion USD, +23%, 2.3 billion accounts) but does not make public the matching operations count.
      Source: GSMA, State of the Industry Report on Mobile Money 2025, April 2025, https://www.gsma.com/sotir/.
      - Sub-Saharan Africa 81.8 · 2024
      - Other regions (Asia, MENA, Latin America) 26.6 · 2024
        Source: Calculated by difference from GSMA, State of the Industry Report on Mobile Money 2025, April 2025, https://www.gsma.com/sotir/; Bangladesh order of magnitude: Bangladesh Bank, Mobile Financial Services comparative summary statement, 2025, https://www.bb.org.bd/en/index.php/financialactivity/mfsdata
  - Payment wallets 228.3 · 2025
    Wallets that hold no balance: they present a tokenized card at the terminal, or trigger a transfer from the user's bank account. Money never stops in the wallet, which merely authenticates and routes. This is the model of Apple Pay, Google Pay, and Indian UPI applications. MEASUREMENT FINDING: only one regulator worldwide publishes these volumes application by application, NPCI in India. Neither Apple nor Google publishes transaction counts, and no central bank isolates them in card statistics (the ECB, for instance, places wallet-initiated payments in the card total without distinguishing them). This node covers only India: the rest of the world is left unmeasured rather than estimated.
    Source: NPCI (India), sole institutional source publishing volumes by wallet app—detail on child nodes.
    - India - UPI applications 228.3 · 2025
      228.28 billion UPI operations in 2025, the sum of twelve monthly statements published by NPCI, for 299.7 lakh crore rupees (roughly USD 3,400 billion). Monthly volume moves from 17.0 billion in January to 21.6 billion in December 2025. UPI is an instant account-to-account transfer rail; the apps that give access are pass-through wallets—they do not host balance, they pilot the bank account. NPCI publishes the app breakdown, providing the sole official global count of Google Pay volume existing. The shares below are real twelve-month cumulatives, not one-month extrapolations.
      Source: NPCI, UPI Product Statistics, monthly releases January–December 2025, https://www.npci.org.in/product/upi/product-statistics.
      - PhonePe 105.6 · 2025
        Source: NPCI, UPI Ecosystem Statistics - UPI Applications, cumulative January to December 2025, https://www.npci.org.in/product/ecosystem-statistics/upi
      - Google Pay 80.7 · 2025
        Source: NPCI, UPI Ecosystem Statistics - UPI Applications, cumulative January to December 2025, https://www.npci.org.in/product/ecosystem-statistics/upi
      - Paytm 16.02 · 2025
        Source: NPCI, UPI Ecosystem Statistics - UPI Applications, cumulative January to December 2025, https://www.npci.org.in/product/ecosystem-statistics/upi
      - Navi 5.29 · 2025
        Source: NPCI, UPI Ecosystem Statistics - UPI Applications, cumulative January to December 2025, https://www.npci.org.in/product/ecosystem-statistics/upi
      - super.money 2.62 · 2025
        Source: NPCI, UPI Ecosystem Statistics - UPI Applications, cumulative January to December 2025, https://www.npci.org.in/product/ecosystem-statistics/upi
      - CRED 1.74 · 2025
        Source: NPCI, UPI Ecosystem Statistics - UPI Applications, cumulative January to December 2025, https://www.npci.org.in/product/ecosystem-statistics/upi
      - Other UPI applications 16.33 · 2025
        Source: Calculated by difference from NPCI, UPI Product Statistics and UPI Ecosystem Statistics, cumulative January to December 2025, https://www.npci.org.in/product/ecosystem-statistics/upi.
- Cash and cheques 44.16 billion transactions a year · 2024
  Payments that still travel on a physical medium: notes and coins, cheques, and payment slips settled over the counter. The scope is deliberately limited to volumes that a central bank, a regulator or a trade association publishes in absolute terms: cash in the United States, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, cheques in five countries, two over-the-counter collection networks. This branch does NOT measure cash usage worldwide: no institution publishes a global count of banknote payments, and most central banks publish only a SHARE (the ECB measures 52% of euro area point-of-sale payments in 2024, with no absolute volume). Also excluded are ATM withdrawals (a cash movement, not a payment), currency in circulation, and the credit transfers or cards that fund these instruments.
  Source: Primary source aggregation: Federal Reserve (FRPS 2025 and Diary of Consumer Payment Choice 2025), UK Finance, De Nederlandsche Bank / Betaalvereniging Nederland, Banque de France, Reserve Bank of India, Banco Central do Brasil, Japan Payment Agency Association
  - Cash payments 27.944 · 2024
    Payments settled in bills and coins, in the three sole jurisdictions whose reference institution publishes absolute annual volume, not merely a share. Caution on scopes, differing by country and specified on each child: US and UK = all consumer payments (purchases, bills, P2P); Netherlands = over-the-counter payments only. Elsewhere, data exists but as share: 52% of euro zone POS payments in 2024 (68% for amounts ≤€5), with spread from 22% Netherlands to 67% Malta (ECB, SPACE 2024); 51% German transactions in 2023 (Deutsche Bundesbank). Absent published absolute volume, these zones are not quantified here.
    Source: Federal Reserve, 2025 Findings from the Diary of Consumer Payment Choice; UK Finance, UK Payment Markets 2025; De Nederlandsche Bank and Betaalvereniging Nederland, Betalen aan de kassa 2024. Cited shares: ECB, SPACE 2024, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/ecb_surveys/space/html/ecb.space2024~19d46f0f17.en.html
    - United States 22.176 · 2024
      The Fed's Diary of Consumer Payment Choice measures 7 cash payments per consumer per month (a figure unchanged since 2021, which the Fed interprets as a "floor" for use), or 14% of the 48 average monthly payments in 2024 (versus 16% in 2023 and 31% in 2016). Reconstructed annual volume: 7 × 12 × ≈264 million adults (US Census Bureau, 2024 vintage estimates: 340.1 million population) = 22,176 million transactions. Cash share rises to 24% among households earning under $25,000/year and to 19% among those 55 and older.
      Source: Federal Reserve Financial Services / Federal Reserve Banks of Atlanta and Boston, 2025 Findings from the Diary of Consumer Payment Choice (survey October 2024), https://www.frbservices.org/news/research/2025-findings-from-the-diary-of-consumer-payment-choice
      - Payments under $25 15.84 · 2024
        Source: Federal Reserve Financial Services, 2025 Findings from the Diary of Consumer Payment Choice (survey October 2024), https://www.frbservices.org/news/research/2025-findings-from-the-diary-of-consumer-payment-choice.
      - Payments of $25 or more 6.336 · 2024
        Source: Federal Reserve Financial Services, 2025 Findings from the Diary of Consumer Payment Choice (survey October 2024), https://www.frbservices.org/news/research/2025-findings-from-the-diary-of-consumer-payment-choice.
    - United Kingdom 4.4 · 2024
      Source: UK Finance, UK Payment Markets 2025 (2024 data), https://www.ukfinance.org.uk/policy-and-guidance/reports-and-publications/uk-payment-markets-2025
    - Netherlands 1.368 · 2024
      Source: De Nederlandsche Bank and Betaalvereniging Nederland, Betalen aan de kassa 2024 (published 2025), https://www.dnb.nl/media/1egkncnq/factsheet-betalen-aan-de-kassa-2024-nl.pdf
  - Cheques 10.926 · 2024
    Residual check volume in the five countries publishing exploitable annual counts. This total is not worldwide: it leaves out Canada (278.9 million items cleared in 2024, Payments Canada), Italy, Japan, Mexico, and Singapore, whose volumes are either unpublished or on incomparable scope (interbank only). The five retained concentrate most remaining usage, with the US alone bearing 85%.
    Source: Federal Reserve, 2025 Federal Reserve Payments Study; Banque de France, Cartographie des moyens de paiement; Reserve Bank of India, Payment Systems Report; Banco Central do Brasil; UK Finance, UK Payment Markets 2025
    - United States 9.3 · 2024
      The US check remains the world's largest residual volume: $24,450 billion exchanged in 2024, or 17% of VALUE of US scriptural payments for only 4% of NUMBER. It is the instrument for large B2B settlement. The Fed publishes a rounded total of 9.2 billion checks and two components of 7.1 and 2.2 billion; the value retained here (9,300) is the exact sum of components, the 0.1 billion gap with published total from rounding to tenths. Volume receded from 11.0 billion in 2021 and 17.0 billion in 2015.
      Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 2025 Federal Reserve Payments Study, National Payment Volumes, Top-Line Data (CY 2015-24), table 1, https://www.federalreserve.gov/paymentsystems/frps_cy2015_24_topline.htm
      - Inter-bank cheques 7.1 · 2024
        Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 2025 Federal Reserve Payments Study, National Payment Volumes, Top-Line Data (CY 2015–24), https://www.federalreserve.gov/paymentsystems/frps_cy2015_24_topline.htm
      - On-us cheques (intra-institution) 2.2 · 2024
        Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 2025 Federal Reserve Payments Study, National Payment Volumes, Top-Line Data (CY 2015–24), https://www.federalreserve.gov/paymentsystems/frps_cy2015_24_topline.htm
    - France 0.784 · 2024
      Source: Banque de France, Bulletin de la Banque de France No. 261/5, Cartography of payment means (2024 data), December 2025, https://www.banque-france.fr/system/files/2025-12/BDF261-5_Cartographie-MP_0.pdf
    - India 0.626 · 2024
      Source: Reserve Bank of India, Payment Systems Report, Half Year ended December 2024, January 2025, https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Publications/PDFs/PSR270120251BEE95CF47F2426B9740075D405FA070.PDF
    - Brazil 0.125 · 2024
      Source: Banco Central do Brasil, Estatísticas de Meios de Pagamentos / Estatísticas de pagamentos de varejo e de cartões no Brasil (2024 data), https://dadosabertos.bcb.gov.br/dataset/estatisticas-meios-pagamentos.
    - United Kingdom 0.091 · 2024
      Source: UK Finance, UK Payment Markets 2025 (2024 data), https://www.ukfinance.org.uk/policy-and-guidance/reports-and-publications/uk-payment-markets-2025
  - Counter payment collection networks 5.29 · 2024
    Payments presented physically at a counter (convenience retail, convenience store, post office, lottery) upon presentation of a slip or barcode. Two networks are figures here, the only ones whose operator or central bank publishes annual volume. The world's third major network, the Mexican banco correspondiente dominated by OXXO (24,568 points out of 57,624 at end of 2024, or 43 percent of the national network, cash deposits = primary use; CNBV, Panorama anual de inclusión financiera 2025), is NOT figured: neither CNBV nor FEMSA publishes an annual count of transactions over an unambiguous scope, and the number of daily OXXO checkout passages (13 million per day) measures in-store purchases, not collections on behalf of third parties. No estimate was substituted for this missing datum.
    Source: Banco Central do Brasil, Estatísticas de Meios de Pagamentos; Japan Payment Agency Association, data adopted by the Japan Franchise Association.
    - Boleto (Brazil) 4.2 · 2024
      Source: Banco Central do Brasil, Estatísticas de pagamentos de varejo e de cartões no Brasil (2024 data), https://dadosabertos.bcb.gov.br/dataset/estatisticas-meios-pagamentos
    - Konbini (Japan) 1.09 · 2022
      1.09 billion collections on behalf of third parties (収納代行) at Japanese convenience store tills in fiscal 2022, for 13,000 billion yen. Volume has fluctuated between 0.97 and 1.14 billion since 2013: a plateau, not a decline. Each operation still requires affixing a seal and paper record retention for seven years, costing retailers over 2.4 billion yen annually in transportation and storage. This cost motivated presentation of these figures to Japan's regulatory reform council. The four largest chains are allocated pro rata to their published shares for fiscal 2022 (27.4 / 15.9 / 38.5 / 18.3%), whose sum rounds to 100.1% and was thus normalized to 100%.
      Source: Japan Payment Agency Association, figures cited Japan Franchise Association in "コンビニにおける収納代行のDX推進について", Cabinet Office regulatory reform council, October 2024, https://www8.cao.go.jp/kisei-kaikaku/kisei/meeting/wg/2409_01common/241009/common01_document01.pdf
      - General invoices 0.419 · 2022
        Source: Japan Payment Agency Association (日本代理収納サービス協会), via Japan Franchise Association, Cabinet Office, October 2024, https://www8.cao.go.jp/kisei-kaikaku/kisei/meeting/wg/2409_01common/241009/common01_document01.pdf
      - Public utilities (electricity, gas, water, telecoms) 0.298 · 2022
        Source: Japan Payment Agency Association (日本代理収納サービス協会), via Japan Franchise Association, Cabinet Office, October 2024, https://www8.cao.go.jp/kisei-kaikaku/kisei/meeting/wg/2409_01common/241009/common01_document01.pdf
      - Multimedia kiosks (MMK) and digital payments 0.199 · 2022
        Source: Japan Payment Agency Association (日本代理収納サービス協会), via Japan Franchise Association, Cabinet Office, October 2024, https://www8.cao.go.jp/kisei-kaikaku/kisei/meeting/wg/2409_01common/241009/common01_document01.pdf
      - Taxes and duties 0.173 · 2022
        Source: Japan Payment Agency Association (日本代理収納サービス協会), via Japan Franchise Association, Cabinet Office, October 2024, https://www8.cao.go.jp/kisei-kaikaku/kisei/meeting/wg/2409_01common/241009/common01_document01.pdf

What isn’t measured in transactions. 3,094 billion USD a year: BNPL, prepaid, stablecoins, CBDCs.

These instruments publish only amounts, never transaction counts. Mixing them into the chart above would produce areas that look comparable but are not, so a separate treemap measures them in their own unit.

Instruments reported by value

Instruments whose published figures give a VALUE rather than a transaction count: instalment payments, prepaid, stablecoins, CBDCs, crypto-assets. They are shown separately here, because comparing an area expressed in billions of dollars with an area expressed in transaction counts would mean nothing.

Source Each branch carries its source; see the detail in each cell.

Show all the data behind this chart

Instruments reported by value $3,093.6B a year
Instruments whose published figures give a VALUE rather than a transaction count: instalment payments, prepaid, stablecoins, CBDCs, crypto-assets. They are shown separately here, because comparing an area expressed in billions of dollars with an area expressed in transaction counts would mean nothing.
Source: Each branch carries its source; see the detail in each cell.
- Split payment (BNPL) 342 · 2024
  Immediate purchase paid in several interest-free installments (typically four), the cost borne by the merchant. Value retained: $342 billion of online spending in 2024, or 5% of global e-commerce value ($6,800 billion the same year) per the annual report of operator Worldpay. This scope is ONLINE ONLY: in-store BNPL (marginal outside Sweden and Australia) does not figure here. The BIS documents more than sixfold multiplication of global BNPL volume between 2019 and 2023 and confirms official data are rare and underestimate the phenomenon, platforms being reporting in almost no jurisdiction. The children below are markets where a regulator or central bank publishes a measure; the balance is isolated in an explicit node.
  Source: Worldpay (FIS), Global Payments Report 2025 (10th edition), 2024 data, https://corporate.worldpay.com/news-releases/news-release-details/10-years-cash-cards-and-crypto-worldpays-global-payments-report; context: BIS, Quarterly Review, December 2023, "Buy now, pay later: a cross-country analysis", https://www.bis.org/publ/qtrpdf/r_qt2312e.pdf
  - United States 113 · 2023
    US point-of-sale financing market. The CFPB collected data from the six main BNPL lenders, which originated $45.2 billion of loans in 2023 (335.8 million loans, average amount $135, constant 2024 dollars), and estimates that these six players accounted for about 40% of the overall point-of-sale financing market that year. The value shown here ($113.0 billion) is that explicit extrapolation by the regulator; it is broader than "pay-in-four" alone, since the point-of-sale financing market also includes longer instalment loans. The two children distinguish the MEASURED share from the EXTRAPOLATED share.
    Source: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), "The Buy Now, Pay Later Market - Data Spotlight", December 2025, table 1, https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/cfpb_bnpl-market-report_2025-12.pdf.
    - Six lenders covered by the CFPB 45.2 · 2023
      Source: CFPB, "The Buy Now, Pay Later Market - Data Spotlight", December 2025, tables 1 and 5, https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/cfpb_bnpl-market-report_2025-12.pdf
    - Rest of financing at point of sale 67.8 · 2023
      Source: Deduction of the coefficient published by the CFPB (six lenders = ~40% of point-of-sale financing market in 2023), 'The Buy Now, Pay Later Market', December 2025, https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/cfpb_bnpl-market-report_2025-12.pdf
  - United Kingdom 17.6 · 2024
    Source: Financial Conduct Authority, PS26/1 "Regulation of Deferred Payment Credit", https://www.fca.org.uk/publications/policy-statements/ps26-1-regulation-deferred-payment-credit
  - Australia 13.3 · 2023
    Source: Reserve Bank of Australia, speech 'Online Retail Payments - Some Policy Issues,' June 18, 2024, https://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2024/sp-so-2024-06-18.html; earlier series in Payments System Board Annual Report 2022 and 2023.
  - Malaysia 2.6 · 2024
    Source: Bank Negara Malaysia, Financial Stability Review - Second Half 2024, chart 1.14 (source: Consumer Credit Oversight Board Task Force), https://www.bnm.gov.my/documents/20124/17523783/fsr24h2_en_book.pdf.
  - Other steps 195.5 · 2024
    Source: Worldpay calculation, Global Payments Report 2025 (USD 342B in 2024); Swedish share: Sveriges Riksbank, Payments Report 2025 / staff memo "Buy now, pay later - a threat to financial stability?", https://www.riksbank.se/en-gb/payments--cash/payments-in-sweden/payments-report-2025/
- Prepaid cards and special instruments 1,362.6 · 2024-2025
  Prepaid instruments: electronic money and prepaid cards on one hand, restricted-use securities (meal vouchers, employee benefit cards, fuel cards) on the other. Value = sum of both components; no single global statistic exists for this perimeter.
  Source: Constructed aggregate; components: Federal Reserve Payments Study 2025, ECB Payments statistics, RBI Payment System Indicators, Edenred and Pluxee annual reports.
  - E-money and prepaid cards (United States, eurozone, India) 1,279.5 · 2024
    EXPLICIT SCOPE: the three zones where a central bank publishes official reporting of value paid in e-money or prepaid card form. The displayed value is the sum of these three reports, NOT a worldwide total: China, Brazil, the United Kingdom, Japan and Africa do not appear owing to the absence of comparable official series. Note that definitions are not strictly identical: the Fed counts prepaid debit cards, the ECB counts e-money (e-money accounts and loaded cards), the RBI counts prepaid payment instruments (wallets and cards).
    Source: Sum of three central bank reports: Federal Reserve Payments Study 2025 (CY2024), ECB Payments statistics (2024), Reserve Bank of India Payment System Indicators (fiscal year 2023-24).
    - USA - prepaid debit cards 650 · 2024
      21.3 billion payments for 0.65 billion USD in 2024, Federal Reserve triennial report. Prepaid cards are the only card type whose value progressed most since 2018. The three children are the exact breakdown published by the Fed and sum to the total.
      Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Reserve Payments Study, National Payment Volumes Top-Line Data CY2015-24, https://www.federalreserve.gov/paymentsystems/frps_cy2015_24_topline.htm.
      - General-purpose 430 · 2024
        Source: Federal Reserve Payments Study, National Payment Volumes Top-Line Data CY2015-24, https://www.federalreserve.gov/paymentsystems/frps_cy2015_24_topline.htm
      - Private label brand 110 · 2024
        Source: Federal Reserve Payments Study, National Payment Volumes Top-Line Data CY2015-24, https://www.federalreserve.gov/paymentsystems/frps_cy2015_24_topline.htm
      - Social benefits (EBT) 110 · 2024
        Source: Federal Reserve Payments Study, National Payment Volumes Top-Line Data CY2015-24, https://www.federalreserve.gov/paymentsystems/frps_cy2015_24_topline.htm
    - Euro area — electronic money 595.3 · 2024
      E-money payments in the euro area: EUR 0.25 trillion in H1 2024 and EUR 0.3 trillion in H2, or about EUR 0.55 trillion for the year (8.8 billion transactions), converted to USD 595.3 billion at the 2024 average rate (1 EUR = 1.0824 USD). E-money accounts for 6% of the number of cashless payments in the area but only 0.2% of their value. CAUTION: the ECB rounds these amounts to the nearest tenth of a trillion euros, so the precision of this node is of the order of +/- 10%. Luxembourg weighs abnormally heavily in the series, the ECB noting that e-money accounts there are mostly held by non-residents.
      Source: European Central Bank, Payments statistics: first half 2024 and second half 2024, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/stats/paysec/html/ecb.pis2024h2~5ada0087d2.en.html
      - Electronic money accounts 525 · 2024
        Source: ECB, statistical annex to Payments statistics: first half of 2024, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pdf/pis/ecb.pis2024h1_annex~17f89c902a.en.pdf.
      - Cards loaded with electronic currency 70.3 · 2024
        Source: ECB, statistical annex to Payments statistics: first half of 2024, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pdf/pis/ecb.pis2024h1_annex~17f89c902a.en.pdf.
    - India — prepaid payment instruments (PPI) 34.18 · 2023-24
      Prepaid Payment Instruments as counted by the Reserve Bank of India: 7,877.5 million transactions for 283,048 crore rupees in fiscal year 2023-24, or 34.2 billion USD (average rate 2023-24: 1 USD = 82.8 INR). Average amount very low, roughly 4.3 USD per transaction, consistent with daily micro-payment use. RBI cautions that PPI series prior to November 2019 are not comparable, as definitions were revised.
      Source: Reserve Bank of India, Payment System Indicators, line 5 "Prepaid Payment Instruments", https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/PSIUserView.aspx?Id=35
      - Wallets 28.3 · 2023-24
        Source: Reserve Bank of India, Payment System Indicators, row 5.1, https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/PSIUserView.aspx?Id=35.
      - Prepaid cards 5.88 · 2023-24
        Source: Reserve Bank of India, Payment System Indicators, row 5.2, https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/PSIUserView.aspx?Id=35.
  - Special securities and employee benefits (two top issuers globally) 83.1 · 2025
    EXPLICIT SCOPE: transaction volume from the two largest global issuers of restricted-use securities (meal vouchers, corporate gift cards, fuel and mobility cards, social vouchers). This is NOT the global market: national and regional issuers (UP, Swile, Alelo, Ticket, Sodexo outside Pluxee, retailer gift cards) do not appear, lacking consolidated public statistics. These securities are prefunded by employer or state and allocated to a spending category, distinguishing them from open-loop prepaid cards.
    Source: Sum of business volumes published in 2025 annual results of Edenred and Pluxee
    - Edenred 55.4 · 2025
      Source: Edenred, 2025 annual results, https://media.edenred.com/2025-annual-results/.
    - Pluxee 27.7 · 2025
      Source: Pluxee, Fiscal 2025 Results and Fiscal 2025 Annual Report, https://www.pluxeegroup.com/fiscal-2025-results/
- Stablecoins used for payment 390 · 2025
  Stablecoin transaction value ADJUSTED for internal flows: around USD 390bn a year, a figure drawn from Visa data and cited by the Bank for International Settlements in its annual economic report, or less than 1% of the total value transferred on-chain. The distinction is critical for a treemap: GROSS stablecoin transfer volume reaches USD 28,000bn in 2025, but the BIS shows that close to six transfer events out of ten occur inside complex transactions (arbitrage, trading, lending, movements between wallets belonging to the same holder) and are therefore not payments. For reference, total stablecoin capitalisation stood at around USD 320bn at the end of May 2026 and more than 99% of stablecoins are denominated in dollars. As no official breakdown of that USD 390bn by use or by token is published, this branch stops here rather than descending into consultancy estimates.
  Source: Bank for International Settlements (BIS), Annual Economic Report 2026, Chapter III "Anchoring trust in money: innovation beyond stablecoins", note 29 (Visa data cited by Aldasoro, Frost and Ito, 2026), https://www.bis.org/publ/arpdf/ar2026e3.pdf; correction method: BIS Working Paper 1359, "The anatomy of stablecoin transactions", https://www.bis.org/publ/work1359.pdf
- Central bank digital currencies (CBDC) 983 · 2025
  The Chinese e-CNY represents nearly all worldwide CBDC payment activity. The People's Bank of China published two official cumulative milestones: 7,300 bn CNY in transactions as of 31 July 2024 and 16,700 bn CNY (3.48 billion transactions) by end November 2025. The difference, 9,400 bn CNY over sixteen months, gives an ANNUALISED flow of roughly 7,050 bn CNY, i.e. 983 bn USD (1 USD = 7.17 CNY). INFERRED VALUE, NOT OBSERVED: the PBoC does not publish annual flow, only cumuls since 2019, and a substantial part of this volume falls to institutional and government settlement in pilot zones, not household retail payment. Other CBDCs in production are negligible at this scale and are measured in OUTSTANDING, not flow: Bahamas Sand Dollar 2.48 million Bahamian dollars in circulation in 2025 (0.39% of cash), Jamaica JAM-DEX roughly 0.1% of cash in circulation, Nigeria eNaira 18.3 bn NGN (about 11M USD) i.e. 0.37% of cash. They are not added here because their annual flow is not published and would remain below 0.1 bn USD.
  Source: People's Bank of China, official figures relayed by the State Council, December 29, 2025 (16,700 billion CNY cumulated, 3.48 billion transactions end-November 2025), https://english.www.gov.cn/news/202512/29/content_WS69526d4ec6d00ca5f9a08511.html; prior milestone (7,300 billion CNY July 31, 2024): PBoC, cited by Central Banking, October 2024, https://www.centralbanking.com/central-banks/currency/7962276/cbdc-transactions-hit-seven-trillion-yuan-pboc-official-says
- Cryptoassets (excluding stablecoins) used for payment 16 · 2024
  Merchant spending settled in volatile crypto-assets (Bitcoin, Ether, others), online and POS: $16 billion worldwide in 2024 per Worldpay annual report, projected to $38 billion in 2030. This is 0.036% of $44,600 billion of worldwide e-commerce and POS spending recorded that year, the smallest documented payment instrument in this tree: volatile crypto-asset serves mainly investment and trading, marginally payment. BIS adds that the cross-border remittance argument is fragile, entry and exit costs in fiat currency rendering total cost of a crypto operation often exceeding a bank transfer.
  Source: Worldpay (FIS), Global Payments Report 2025 (10th edition), 2024 data, https://corporate.worldpay.com/news-releases/news-release-details/10-years-cash-cards-and-crypto-worldpays-global-payments-report; remittance cost context: BIS, Annual Economic Report 2026, Chapter III, note 28, https://www.bis.org/publ/arpdf/ar2026e3.pdf

How many cards exist, and under which brand. 20,209 million cards in circulation worldwide.

A stock, not a flow: a card issued is not a card in use. In Taiwan, EasyCard counts 98 million cards but only 9 million active ones; in Ukraine, only 44% of cards in circulation are used. Each tile states what it counts and flags figures that have not been cross-checked.

The global card base

How many cards exist, and under which brand. A stock, not a flow: a card issued is not a card used, and some card bases count dormant cards by the tens of millions. Networks that publish no comparable card base are absent rather than estimated.

Source Each node carries the body and the year of its publication; see the detail on each box.

Show all the data behind this chart

The global card base 20,208.8 million cards in circulation
How many cards exist, and under which brand. A stock, not a flow: a card issued is not a card used, and some card bases count dormant cards by the tens of millions. Networks that publish no comparable card base are absent rather than estimated.
Source: Each node carries the body and the year of its publication; see the detail on each box.
- International networks 18,206 million cards in circulation
  The networks accepted outside their home country. Visa and Mastercard both publish their card base, each in its own regulatory filing and as of its own cut-off date: comparing them requires knowing that, and every node says so. Take care when reading this against the first tree on this page: the ranking by number of CARDS is not the ranking by number of TRANSACTIONS, a Chinese card being used far less often than an American one.
  Source: Visa Inc. and Mastercard Inc., 2025-2026 financial filings; detail on each node
  - Visa 4,881 million cards in circulation · 2025
    4,881 million cards as of 30 June 2025, for 4,326 million accounts. ⚠️ Visa publishes its card base ONE QUARTER BEHIND its volumes: the position as of 30 September 2025 is not yet filled in, while transactions are. The scope covers the Visa, Visa Electron, V PAY and Interlink brands, including proprietary PLUS cards, and EXCLUDES European co-badged volumes routed over a domestic network.
    Source: Visa Inc., Operational Performance Data, Q4 FY2025, https://s1.q4cdn.com/050606653/files/doc_financials/2025/q4/Q4FY25-Visa-Operational-Performance-Data.pdf
    - Visa · United States 1,477 · 2025
      Source: Visa Inc., Operational Performance Data, Q4 FY2025
    - Visa · Asia-Pacific 1,219 · 2025
      Source: Visa Inc., Operational Performance Data, Q4 FY2025
    - Visa · Latin America and the Caribbean 941 · 2025
      Source: Visa Inc., Operational Performance Data, Q4 FY2025
    - Visa · Europe 704 · 2025
      Source: Visa Inc., Operational Performance Data, Q4 FY2025
    - Visa · Central Europe, Middle East, and Africa 445 · 2025
      Source: Visa Inc., Operational Performance Data, Q4 FY2025
    - Visa · Canada 95 · 2025
      Source: Visa Inc., Operational Performance Data, Q4 FY2025
  - Mastercard 3,700 · 2025
    Source: Mastercard Incorporated, fourth quarter 2025 results (29 January 2026): “As of December 31, 2025, the company's customers had issued 3.7 billion Mastercard and Maestro-branded cards”, https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1141391/000114139126000003/ma12312025-exx991xearnings.htm
  - UnionPay 9,600 · 2025
    Source: Industry aggregator coinlaw.io, March 2025, figure not cross-checked
  - Discover (Capital One debit portfolio) 25 · 2026
    Source: Capital One / Discover, 2025-2026 financial communications
- Domestic schemes 1,725.5 million cards in circulation
  The national networks, often backed by the central bank or a banking association, that carry the everyday card in their own country. Many are co-badged with an international network: the card is a single one, and which network is used is decided at the moment of payment. This is the fastest-growing category of the global card base.
  Source: Central bank and national association disclosures, 2023-2026; detail on each node
  - RuPay (India) 760 · 2024
    Source: NPCI, 2024; context: Reserve Bank of India, Payment System Indicators, June 2025
  - Mir (Russia) 493.9 · 2026
    Source: NSPK (National Payment Card System), statement by the chief executive, 2025-2026
  - Korean domestic issuers 130 · 2023
    Source: Aggregated industry sources (Statista), 2023, not cross-checked
  - TROY (Türkiye) 90 · 2025
    Source: Bankalararası Kart Merkezi (BKM), 2025 review
  - Cartes Bancaires “CB” (France) 77 · 2024
    Source: GIE Cartes Bancaires CB, key figures 2024-2025
  - Verve (Nigeria) 70 · 2025
    Source: Interswitch, press release of October 2025
  - Meeza (Egypt) 43.5 · 2025
    Source: Central Bank of Egypt, June 2025
  - Humo (Uzbekistan) 27 · 2025
    Source: Humo, 2025; privatisation: Gazeta.uz, January 2025
  - PayPak (Pakistan) 16.1 · 2025
    Source: 1LINK, 2025-2026
  - Bankomat (Austria) 11 · 2026
    Source: PSA Payment Services Austria, psa.at, read in 2026
  - CIB card (Algeria) 4.245 · 2025
    Source: SATIM, 2025 review
  - PostFinance Card (Switzerland) 2.5 · 2025
    Source: PostFinance; documentary cross-check, 2022-2025
  - PROSTIR (Ukraine) 0.214 · 2026
    Source: National Bank of Ukraine, card market statistics, early 2026
- Prepaid transport cards 277.3 million cards in circulation
  The contactless cards born in urban transport, now proximity payment instruments in their own right. They carry no banking network and therefore appear in no count of payment cards, even though, in Asia, they are used tens of millions of times a day.
  Source: Transport operator and e-money issuer disclosures, 2022-2025; detail on each node
  - Suica (Japan) 112 · 2025
    Source: JR East, 2025 data
  - EasyCard (Taiwan) 98.32 · 2022
    Source: EasyCard Corporation, press release, October 2022
  - PASMO (Japan) 43 · 2025
    Source: Industry sources, 2025, not cross-checked against PASMO Co.
  - Octopus (Hong Kong) 24 · 2025
    Source: Octopus Cards Limited, figures published by the operator

What fraud really costs, instrument by instrument. €4.2 billion stolen in a single year across the European Economic Area.

Two euros in every hundred thousand: fraud remains marginal in relative terms, and that is exactly what makes the differences readable. Credit transfers account for the largest amount, cards for the highest rate, and direct debits for the steepest rise, from €36 million to €112 million in one year. The branches, as rounded by the report, add up to €4,149 million against a published total of €4.2 billion.

Payment fraud in Europe

EUR 4.2 billion in fraudulent transactions reported across the European Economic Area in 2024, up 17% year on year. Set against total payments, that is still 0.002%, or two euros in every hundred thousand. The gaps between instruments are more instructive than the total itself. The card concentrates the highest rate, the credit transfer the heaviest amount.

Source European Banking Authority and European Central Bank, “2025 Report on Payment Fraud” (EBA/REP/2025/40), December 2025, 2024 data, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/intro/publications/pdf/ecb.ebaecb202512.en.pdf

Show all the data behind this chart

Payment fraud in Europe €4,149M in fraud a year (EEA)
EUR 4.2 billion in fraudulent transactions reported across the European Economic Area in 2024, up 17% year on year. Set against total payments, that is still 0.002%, or two euros in every hundred thousand. The gaps between instruments are more instructive than the total itself. The card concentrates the highest rate, the credit transfer the heaviest amount.
Source: European Banking Authority and European Central Bank, “2025 Report on Payment Fraud” (EBA/REP/2025/40), December 2025, 2024 data, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/intro/publications/pdf/ecb.ebaecb202512.en.pdf
- Credit transfers 2,500 · 2024
  EUR 2.5 billion in fraudulent credit transfers in 2024, up 24% year on year: the steepest rise, and the largest amount of any instrument. The fraud rate nonetheless remains among the lowest, at 0.001% of credit transfer value. The gap comes from the size of each transaction, a transfer carrying sums on a wholly different scale from a card payment. More than half of that value comes from MANIPULATION OF THE PAYER: the victim, deceived, issues the order themselves.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, 2024 data
- Cards €1,300M in fraud a year (EEA) · 2024
  EUR 1.3 billion stolen using cards issued in the EU/EEA in 2024, up 4%. Around 17 million fraudulent transactions out of 111 billion card payments. The card carries the highest fraud rate of any instrument, at 0.033% of value, thirty-three times that of the credit transfer. The average fraud comes to EUR 76.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, 2024 data
  - Remote (online payment) €1,079M in fraud a year (EEA) · 2024
    Around 83% of card fraud, while remote payments account for only 28% of the value and 18% of the number of card payments. That imbalance is the defining feature of European card fraud. The remote fraud rate reaches 0.091% by value, against 0.007% in proximity, thirteen times higher. Amount calculated from the published share.
    Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, 2024 data, calculated amount: 83% of EUR 1,300m
    - Card data theft 604 · 2024
      Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, 2024 data, calculated amount: 56% of EUR 1,079m
    - Other payment order issued by the fraudster 194 · 2024
      Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, 2024 data, calculated amount: 18% of EUR 1,079m
    - Counterfeit card 97 · 2024
      Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, 2024 data, calculated amount: 9% of EUR 1,079m
    - Other cases and unallocated 184 · 2024
      Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, 2024 data, balance of the published shares
  - In proximity (physical payment) €221M in fraud a year (EEA) · 2024
    Around 17% of card fraud, for 72% of the value of card payments. The fraud rate in proximity is 0.007% by value: the chip, the PIN and biometric authentication have made physical payment markedly safer than online payment. Amount calculated from the published share.
    Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, 2024 data, calculated amount: 17% of EUR 1,300m
    - Card lost or stolen 93 · 2024
      Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, 2024 data, calculated amount: 42% of EUR 221m
    - Other payment order issued by the fraudster 84 · 2024
      Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, 2024 data, calculated amount: 38% of EUR 221m
    - Other cases and unallocated 44 · 2024
      Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, 2024 data, balance of the published shares
- Direct debits, cash withdrawals and e-money €349M in fraud a year (EEA) · 2024
  EUR 349 million in total in 2024, up 26%. The rise is almost entirely down to direct debits, which went from EUR 36 million to EUR 112 million in a single year, more than a tripling. E-money carries the second-highest fraud rate after the card (0.018%), for an average of EUR 105 per fraud, the highest of any instrument.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, 2024 data
  - Direct debits 112 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals and e-money 237 · 2024
    Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, 2024 data, balance of the published EUR 349m sub-total

The same stolen euro doesn’t cost the same everywhere. 29 countries, 5 instruments, one regulatory data collection.

France reports €484 million in card fraud, or 0.057% of the value paid by card: the highest rate in the EU, four times Poland’s. Amounts track market size; rates are what you compare. Each tile shows both, along with the caveats the report attaches to its own figures.

Payment fraud, country by country (EU and EEA)

The same regulatory table, broken down across 29 countries and 5 instruments. Absolute amounts follow the size of each market first, which makes a raw comparison say little. The rates carried by each box are comparable: they set fraud against the value paid by the same means in the same country. France comes top on cards, at 0.057% of value, where Poland shows 0.013% on the same instrument.

Source European Banking Authority and European Central Bank, “2025 Report on Payment Fraud” (EBA/REP/2025/40), Table 1, December 2025, 2024 data

Show all the data behind this chart

Payment fraud, country by country (EU and EEA) €4,159,101,820 in fraud reported in 2024
The same regulatory table, broken down across 29 countries and 5 instruments. Absolute amounts follow the size of each market first, which makes a raw comparison say little. The rates carried by each box are comparable: they set fraud against the value paid by the same means in the same country. France comes top on cards, at 0.057% of value, where Poland shows 0.013% on the same instrument.
Source: European Banking Authority and European Central Bank, “2025 Report on Payment Fraud” (EBA/REP/2025/40), Table 1, December 2025, 2024 data
- France €909,992,795 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 909,992,795 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “cards (issuer side)”, at 0.057% of the value paid by that means.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 350,992,884 · 2024
  - Direct debits 30,365,272 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 484,039,292 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 44,499,471 · 2024
  - E-money 95,876 · 2024
- Germany €698,038,482 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 698,038,482 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “cards (issuer side)”, at 0.022% of the value paid by that means.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 474,164,942 · 2024
  - Direct debits 72,217,429 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 124,544,539 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 27,056,899 · 2024
  - E-money 54,673 · 2024
- Spain €318,276,172 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 318,276,172 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “cards (issuer side)”, at 0.038% of the value paid by that means.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 153,027,315 · 2024
  - Direct debits 4,132,440 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 140,967,863 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 17,360,834 · 2024
  - E-money 2,787,720 · 2024
- Italy €277,582,562 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 277,582,562 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “e-money”, at 0.024% of the value paid by that means.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 158,958,560 · 2024
  - Direct debits 2,036,264 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 79,260,954 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 18,787,508 · 2024
  - E-money 18,539,276 · 2024
- Belgium €272,352,375 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 272,352,375 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “cards (issuer side)”, at 0.032% of the value paid by that means.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 216,038,048 · 2024
  - Direct debits 87,797 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 53,094,226 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 3,132,304 · 2024
- Poland €186,785,268 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 186,785,268 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “e-money”, at 0.111% of the value paid by that means.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 163,627,757 · 2024
  - Direct debits 346 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 21,698,379 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 1,450,148 · 2024
  - E-money 8,638 · 2024
- Netherlands €185,647,232 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 185,647,232 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “cards (issuer side)”, at 0.019% of the value paid by that means. The report withholds for confidentiality the values for: direct debits, e-money.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 142,036,059 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 37,812,516 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 5,798,657 · 2024
- Sweden €147,676,780 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 147,676,780 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “cards (issuer side)”, at 0.025% of the value paid by that means.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 116,142,017 · 2024
  - Direct debits 9,099 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 28,731,117 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 1,390,380 · 2024
  - E-money 1,404,167 · 2024
- Ireland €138,916,450 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 138,916,450 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “cards (issuer side)”, at 0.029% of the value paid by that means.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 67,407,748 · 2024
  - Direct debits 9,534 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 45,112,633 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 752,580 · 2024
  - E-money 25,633,955 · 2024
- Luxembourg €127,432,707 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 127,432,707 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “cards (issuer side)”, at 0.046% of the value paid by that means.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 70,847,579 · 2024
  - Direct debits 177,376 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 10,450,124 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 678,971 · 2024
  - E-money 45,278,657 · 2024
- Lithuania €120,837,218 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 120,837,218 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “cards (issuer side)”, at 0.048% of the value paid by that means. ⚠️ The report flags these values as OVER-REPORTED, following incorrect submissions, to be corrected retrospectively.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 74,935,781 · 2024
  - Direct debits 2,296 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 36,735,019 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 2,578,891 · 2024
  - E-money 6,585,231 · 2024
- Norway €105,885,930 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 105,885,930 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “cards (issuer side)”, at 0.035% of the value paid by that means.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 68,180,939 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 37,048,829 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 606,633 · 2024
  - E-money 49,529 · 2024
- Hungary €97,033,647 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 97,033,647 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “cards (issuer side)”, at 0.052% of the value paid by that means. ⚠️ The report flags the credit transfer value as UNDER-REPORTED, following incorrect submissions, to be corrected retrospectively.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 69,801,157 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 25,931,597 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 1,300,893 · 2024
- Austria €86,028,579 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 86,028,579 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “cards (issuer side)”, at 0.024% of the value paid by that means. The report withholds for confidentiality the values for: direct debits.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 65,989,654 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 19,645,025 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 391,268 · 2024
  - E-money 2,632 · 2024
- Finland €79,320,302 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 79,320,302 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “cards (issuer side)”, at 0.020% of the value paid by that means.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 64,162,532 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 14,780,971 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 341,887 · 2024
  - E-money 34,912 · 2024
- Romania €74,076,439 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 74,076,439 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “cards (issuer side)”, at 0.015% of the value paid by that means. The report withholds for confidentiality the values for: e-money.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 63,871,808 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 9,997,143 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 207,488 · 2024
- Denmark €73,847,119 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 73,847,119 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “cash withdrawals”, at 0.070% of the value paid by that means. ⚠️ The report flags the cash withdrawal value as UNDER-REPORTED, following incorrect submissions, to be corrected retrospectively.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 38,076,399 · 2024
  - Direct debits 322,306 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 32,231,557 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 3,122,679 · 2024
  - E-money 94,178 · 2024
- Czechia €69,752,443 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 69,752,443 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “cards (issuer side)”, at 0.029% of the value paid by that means.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 46,881,891 · 2024
  - Direct debits 65 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 20,880,548 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 1,989,939 · 2024
- Portugal €42,802,007 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 42,802,007 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “cards (issuer side)”, at 0.018% of the value paid by that means.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 15,766,916 · 2024
  - Direct debits 106,100 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 26,297,692 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 601,573 · 2024
  - E-money 29,726 · 2024
- Slovenia €25,876,347 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 25,876,347 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “cards (issuer side)”, at 0.029% of the value paid by that means.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 21,825,505 · 2024
  - Direct debits 89 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 3,943,079 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 88,862 · 2024
  - E-money 18,812 · 2024
- Greece €24,894,225 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 24,894,225 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “e-money”, at 0.055% of the value paid by that means.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 12,168,897 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 11,327,082 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 1,132,598 · 2024
  - E-money 265,648 · 2024
- Slovakia €23,103,590 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 23,103,590 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “direct debits”, at 0.044% of the value paid by that means. The report withholds for confidentiality the values for: e-money.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 13,447,033 · 2024
  - Direct debits 1,982,072 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 7,477,633 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 196,852 · 2024
- Croatia €18,698,363 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 18,698,363 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “cards (issuer side)”, at 0.025% of the value paid by that means.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 12,572,657 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 5,751,537 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 153,261 · 2024
  - E-money 220,908 · 2024
- Estonia €13,528,429 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 13,528,429 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “cards (issuer side)”, at 0.020% of the value paid by that means.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 10,407,273 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 2,229,503 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 891,653 · 2024
- Latvia €12,576,675 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 12,576,675 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “cash withdrawals”, at 0.019% of the value paid by that means.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 9,898,590 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 1,815,118 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 862,967 · 2024
- Bulgaria €10,484,075 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 10,484,075 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “cards (issuer side)”, at 0.023% of the value paid by that means. ⚠️ The report flags revised data points, exceptionally included for this table.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 5,559,385 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 4,736,123 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 156,931 · 2024
  - E-money 31,636 · 2024
- Iceland €6,702,062 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 6,702,062 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “cash withdrawals”, at 0.032% of the value paid by that means. The report withholds for confidentiality the values for: e-money.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 3,394,366 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 3,146,347 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 161,349 · 2024
- Malta €5,914,839 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 5,914,839 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “cards (issuer side)”, at 0.030% of the value paid by that means.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 3,173,477 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 2,291,362 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 22,309 · 2024
  - E-money 427,691 · 2024
- Cyprus €5,038,708 in fraud reported in 2024 · 2024
  EUR 5,038,708 of fraud reported in 2024, across all instruments. The country’s highest rate is on “cards (issuer side)”, at 0.015% of the value paid by that means.
  Source: EBA/ECB, 2025 Report on Payment Fraud, Table 1, 2024 data
  - Credit transfers 2,718,484 · 2024
  - Cards (issuer side) 2,251,185 · 2024
  - Cash withdrawals 26,752 · 2024
  - E-money 42,287 · 2024

Payments by the numbers. France, Europe, the world, fraud, and 2030 projections.

19 indicators and 15 interactive charts. Hover over the tile sparklines and the charts for details; every chart also shows its data as a table.

14.5B

CB transactions per year in France

Payments and withdrawals processed in 2024 by Cartes Bancaires (CB), France's domestic card scheme, growing steadily on the back of contactless and small-ticket payments. Cards are by far France's leading cashless payment method.

GIE Cartes Bancaires, 2024 annual report

77M

CB cards in circulation

CB-branded cards in circulation in France in 2024, the vast majority co-badged with Visa or Mastercard. That is more than one card per person, babies included.

GIE Cartes Bancaires, 2024

0.053%

Card fraud rate in France

€53 of fraud per €100,000 of payments in 2024: a record low for the third year running, a direct result of PSD2 and 3-D Secure. Total fraud across all cashless payment methods (cards, credit transfers, direct debits, checks) remains around €1.2 billion a year.

Banque de France / OSMP, 2024 report

~60%

Contactless share of in-store payments

Share of in-store card payments made contactless (card and mobile) in 2024. Raising the limit to €50 in May 2020 changed habits for good: tapping is now the default.

GIE CB / OSMP, 2024

~€188B

E-commerce in France, 2025

Online sales of goods and services, up about 7% year over year from €175.3 billion in 2024, across 2.9 billion transactions (average basket around €65). The symbolic €200 billion mark should be passed in 2026.

FEVAD (French e-commerce federation), 2025 review

15%

Mobile payments at the point of sale

Share of in-store card payments made with a mobile wallet (Apple Pay, Google Pay, and others) in France in 2024, up more than 50% year over year. Phones are gradually replacing plastic, not the underlying card.

OSMP, 2024 annual report

~1 in 4

SEPA transfers that are now instant

Instant payments’ share of credit transfers processed by euro area retail payment systems in the second half of 2025 (25% by number of transactions), up from 16% in the second half of 2024 (ECB). The EPC, which counts SEPA credit transfers cleared through clearing and settlement mechanisms (CSMs), puts the share higher: 30.7% in the third quarter of 2025. The EU Instant Payments Regulation (IPR) triggered the takeoff: pricing aligned with standard transfers on January 9, 2025, then mandatory sending and Verification of Payee on October 9, 2025.

ECB payment statistics (H2 2025); EPC (Q3 2025)

~30%

Wallet share of European e-commerce

Digital wallets (PayPal, Apple Pay, Google Pay, and others) account for about 30% of European e-commerce in 2024, far behind Asia-Pacific's roughly 66% but rising steadily. EPI's pan-European wallet, Wero, aims to add a sovereign European alternative.

Worldpay, Global Payments Report 2025

$6,400B

Global e-commerce in 2025

Global retail e-commerce sales, about 20.5% of total retail. Outlook: around $7.4 trillion expected in 2027 and $8 trillion in 2028.

eMarketer, February 2025 forecast

53% → ~62%

Wallets: share of global e-commerce

Digital wallets accounted for 53% of global e-commerce value in 2024 (already 56% in 2025) and are expected to exceed 60% by 2030, with more than $28 trillion spent through wallets online and in store. The card is often still the funding source hidden behind the wallet.

Worldpay, Global Payments Report 2025–2026 (2030 projection)

80B + 228B

Pix and UPI transactions in 2025

Brazil's Pix processed 79.8 billion transactions in 2025 (63.4 billion in 2024, up 26% year over year), and India's UPI about 228 billion (172 billion in 2024). Both instant account-to-account systems now far outstrip cards in their home markets.

Banco Central do Brasil / NPCI, 2025

$2,000B

Mobile money: annual global flows

Value of mobile money transactions in 2025, double the 2021 level, across 2.3 billion registered accounts and 593 million monthly active users. Africa accounts for $1.4 trillion of that, about 70% of the global total: M-Pesa and its peers are the region's core financial infrastructure.

GSMA, State of the Industry Report on Mobile Money 2026 (2025 data)

15% → 11%

Cash share at the point of sale worldwide

Cash fell from 44% of in-store payment value in 2014 to 15% in 2024 and is expected to slip to 11% by 2030. But the decline is slowing: in Japan (38%) and Spain (34%), cash holds on out of habit and trust, not for lack of alternatives.

Worldpay, Global Payments Report 2025 (2030 projection)

$560B

BNPL worldwide in 2025

Global installment and deferred payment volume (Klarna, Afterpay, PayPal, Affirm, Alma, and others), up about 14% year over year and expected to reach around $912 billion by 2030. Online, BNPL grew from $2.2 billion in 2014 to $342 billion in 2024, and Europe is the region where its share of e-commerce is highest (about 8%).

Research and Markets / Worldpay GPR, 2025 (2030 projection)

$33.4B

Global card fraud in 2024

Global payment card fraud losses, down very slightly (-1.2%) year over year, the first decline since the 2020 dip. The Nilson Report still projects more than $40 billion a year by 2030 and about $400 billion cumulatively over the decade.

Nilson Report, January 2026

146

Countries exploring a central bank digital currency

Countries and monetary unions (98% of global GDP) working on a CBDC: three launched (the Bahamas, Jamaica, Nigeria) and about 49 pilots, including China's e-CNY (more than 3.4 billion cumulative transactions), with the ECB's digital euro, whose preparation phase ended in October 2025.

Atlantic Council, CBDC Tracker, 2026

≈ 27%

Instant share of SEPA credit transfers in Q1 2026

EPC data: 35.6% of SEPA credit transfers (SCT and SCT Inst) cleared through clearing and settlement mechanisms (CSMs) were instant in the first quarter of 2026, up from 24.7% a year earlier and 17.3% two years earlier. Driven by the SEPA Instant regulation (mandatory receipt from January 2025 and sending from October 2025, at the price of a standard transfer), instant payments are taking off in the euro area.

EPC, SCT Inst statistics (Q1 2024–Q1 2026)

≈ $15,500B

On-chain stablecoin volume in 2024

Gross stablecoin transfer volume (USDT, USDC, EURC, and others), rising sharply. Part of it is automated, so the “adjusted” volume that reflects real payments is lower, but it is growing fast, and Visa, PayPal, and Stripe are all positioning themselves.

Chainalysis / Visa Onchain Analytics, 2025

0.174%

Card-not-present fraud rate (France)

Card-not-present (e-commerce) payments account for the bulk of card fraud, far above in-store payments (0.009%), despite widespread 3-D Secure and PSD2 strong customer authentication.

OSMP, Banque de France, 2024 report

Mobile, desktop, tablet: the e-commerce shift

France

French e-commerce traffic by device type. Mobile became the majority around 2020–2021 and keeps growing, while tablets have become marginal. Mobile's share of revenue remains about 10 to 15 percentage points below its share of traffic (smaller baskets, lower conversion), which is why wallets and one-click payment matter for a smoother mobile checkout.

Source: FEVAD / Médiamétrie, consolidated estimates 2016–2025

View data

	Mobile	Desktop	Tablet
2016	30%	60%	10%
2017	35%	55%	10%
2018	41%	50%	9%
2019	46%	46%	8%
2020	50%	43%	7%
2021	54%	40%	6%
2022	58%	37%	5%
2023	61%	35%	4%
2024	64%	33%	3%
2025	66%	31%	3%

Payment methods in French e-commerce

France

E-commerce payments in France by value, 2025. Cards remain overwhelmingly dominant, a French exception in Europe, but wallets and BNPL are chipping away at their share, especially on mobile, where they reduce checkout friction. Credit transfers (including SCT Inst, pushed by Wero) remain marginal but should gain ground by 2030.

Source: FEVAD / PSP studies, 2025 (value estimates)

View data

	Share of payments (value)
Payment card	75%
PayPal	9%
Wallets (Apple Pay, Google Pay, etc.)	6%
BNPL / installments	4%
Credit transfer (incl. SCT Inst)	3%
Other (check, gift card, etc.)	3%

Global e-commerce: wallets, cards, A2A, and BNPL through 2030

Projections to 2030

Share of global e-commerce value by payment method family, historical then projected by Worldpay through 2030. Wallets, already the majority (53% in 2024, 56% in 2025), are expected to exceed 60% in 2030. But the card is often the funding source inside the wallet: counting that indirect use, it would still account for 56% of total payment value in 2030. A2A (account-to-account: Pix, UPI, iDEAL, Wero, and others) and BNPL are gaining share slowly but growing fast in absolute value.

Source: Worldpay, Global Payments Report 2025–2026; 2026–2030: GPR projections

View data

	Digital wallets	Cards (direct use)	A2A / account-to-account transfers	BNPL
2020	44.5% of global e-commerce (by value)	38% of global e-commerce (by value)	6% of global e-commerce (by value)	2.1% of global e-commerce (by value)
2022	49% of global e-commerce (by value)	34% of global e-commerce (by value)	7% of global e-commerce (by value)	4% of global e-commerce (by value)
2024	53% of global e-commerce (by value)	30% of global e-commerce (by value)	8% of global e-commerce (by value)	5% of global e-commerce (by value)
2025	56% of global e-commerce (by value)	28% of global e-commerce (by value)	8% of global e-commerce (by value)	5.3% of global e-commerce (by value)
2026 (proj.)	57.5% of global e-commerce (by value)	26.5% of global e-commerce (by value)	8.3% of global e-commerce (by value)	5.6% of global e-commerce (by value)
2028 (proj.)	60% of global e-commerce (by value)	24% of global e-commerce (by value)	8.7% of global e-commerce (by value)	6% of global e-commerce (by value)
2030 (proj.)	62% of global e-commerce (by value)	21.5% of global e-commerce (by value)	9% of global e-commerce (by value)	6.4% of global e-commerce (by value)

Contactless becomes the default

France

Share of in-store card payments made contactless (card and mobile) in France. Raising the limit from €30 to €50 in May 2020, during the pandemic, triggered a jump in usage that has held ever since. The average contactless transaction is about €16, and the mobile component (X-Pay wallets), which has no limit thanks to on-device authentication, is growing twice as fast as physical cards.

Source: GIE CB / OSMP, 2017–2024; 2025: estimate

View data

	Contactless share of in-store payments
2017	11%
2018	18%
2019	27%
2020	44%
2021	52%
2022	56%
2023	58%
2024	60%
2025	63%

SCT Inst: the impact of the EU's IPR

Europe

Instant credit transfers (SCT Inst) as a share of credit transfers sent, in France and the euro area. Long held back by per-transaction fees (about €1), adoption is taking off under the IPR: pricing aligned with standard transfers on January 9, 2025, then mandatory sending and Verification of Payee on October 9, 2025. The EU aims to make instant the default credit transfer, and the 2026–2027 projections assume post-IPR momentum continues, amplified in France by Wero.

Source: Banque de France / OSMP; ECB, SCT Inst indicator; 2026–2027: post-IPR projections

View data

	France	Euro area
2019	1% of credit transfers sent	4% of credit transfers sent
2020	2% of credit transfers sent	6% of credit transfers sent
2021	3.5% of credit transfers sent	9% of credit transfers sent
2022	5% of credit transfers sent	11% of credit transfers sent
2023	7% of credit transfers sent	13% of credit transfers sent
2024	10% of credit transfers sent	17% of credit transfers sent
2025	17% of credit transfers sent	25% of credit transfers sent
2026 (proj.)	25% of credit transfers sent	33% of credit transfers sent
2027 (proj.)	32% of credit transfers sent	41% of credit transfers sent

Where card fraud is concentrated

Fraud & security

Card fraud by channel in France, by value (2024). Card-not-present payments account for about two-thirds of fraud by value but only a quarter of the amounts paid: that is the business case for 3-D Secure and strong customer authentication (SCA). By contrast, chip-and-PIN and capped contactless payments in store remain very safe; fraud there is mostly limited to cards stolen before the cardholder blocks them.

Source: Banque de France / OSMP, 2024 report (approximate values)

View data

Category	Share
Card-not-present (e-commerce, MOTO)	68% of fraud by value
In store (contact, chip & PIN)	12% of fraud by value
ATM withdrawals	9% of fraud by value
Contactless	8% of fraud by value
Unattended terminals and other	3% of fraud by value

Pix and UPI: the instant account-to-account wave

World

Annual transaction volumes of the world's two instant A2A giants, in billions. India's UPI (launched in 2016) became the world's largest real-time payment system within a few years; Brazil's Pix (launched in late 2020) was adopted even faster and now surpasses credit and debit cards combined in Brazil. In 2025, Pix carried about R$35.4 trillion and UPI nearly ₹300 lakh crore (about $3.5 trillion). These models directly inspire Europe (the IPR, Wero) and the US Federal Reserve (FedNow).

Source: Banco Central do Brasil; NPCI / RBI, annual volumes 2020–2025

View data

	Pix (Brazil)	UPI (India)
2020	0.3 billion transactions a year	22.3 billion transactions a year
2021	9.4 billion transactions a year	38.7 billion transactions a year
2022	24 billion transactions a year	74 billion transactions a year
2023	42 billion transactions a year	118 billion transactions a year
2024	63.4 billion transactions a year	172 billion transactions a year
2025	79.8 billion transactions a year	228 billion transactions a year

Cash at the point of sale: global decline, local holdouts

World

Cash share of in-store payment value by region: 2019 (pre-Covid), 2024, and 2027 projection. The pandemic sped up the shift to cards and contactless everywhere, but the decline is slowing (-2% a year globally through 2030, according to Worldpay). Contrasts remain sharp: Asia-Pacific has been transformed by Chinese QR wallets (Alipay, WeChat Pay), while cash remains a mainstay in the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America, and wealthy countries such as Japan (38%) and Spain (34%) cling to it out of habit.

Source: Worldpay, Global Payments Report (2020–2026 editions); 2027: GPR projection

View data

	2019	2024	2027 (projection)
Global	30% of in-store payment value	15% of in-store payment value	13% of in-store payment value
Europe	26% of in-store payment value	12% of in-store payment value	10% of in-store payment value
North America	15% of in-store payment value	9% of in-store payment value	7% of in-store payment value
Asia-Pacific	34% of in-store payment value	14% of in-store payment value	12% of in-store payment value
Latin America	45% of in-store payment value	22% of in-store payment value	18% of in-store payment value
Middle East & Africa	52% of in-store payment value	31% of in-store payment value	26% of in-store payment value

BNPL: from checkout gadget to half a trillion dollars

World

Global BNPL volume (buy now, pay later: installments over 3 or 4 payments, and deferred payment), in billions of dollars, historical then projected. The explosive growth of 2020–2021 (zero rates, the e-commerce boom) has given way to more disciplined double-digit growth, shaped by regulation (in Europe, the revised Consumer Credit Directive, CCD2, brings BNPL into scope by the end of 2026), higher interest rates, and concern over consumer overindebtedness. The outlook points to about $912 billion in 2030 (roughly 10% annual growth).

Source: Research and Markets, BNPL Global Business Report 2025; cross-checked with Worldpay GPR; 2026–2027: projections

View data

	Global BNPL volume
2019	$110B
2020	$180B
2021	$285B
2022	$357B
2023	$430B
2024	$493B
2025	$560B
2026 (proj.)	$617B
2027 (proj.)	$680B

Global e-commerce heads toward $7.4 trillion

World

Global online retail sales, in billions of dollars. After the pandemic surge (2020) and the 2022 normalization, growth has settled at around 6% to 8% a year, faster than physical retail: e-commerce accounts for 20.5% of global retail in 2025 and will keep gaining about half a percentage point a year. China and the US together account for more than half the total.

Source: eMarketer / Insider Intelligence, 2025 forecasts; 2026–2027: projections

View data

	Global e-commerce sales
2018	$2,900B
2019	$3,350B
2020	$4,200B
2021	$4,900B
2022	$5,200B
2023	$5,800B
2024	$6,010B
2025	$6,420B
2026 (proj.)	$6,900B
2027 (proj.)	$7,380B

Mobile wallet adoption is accelerating in France

France

Two complementary indicators: the share of in-store card payments made with a mobile wallet (X-Pay), measured by the OSMP, and the share of online shoppers who used a wallet during the year. The inflection point came in 2023–2024, with NFC terminals becoming universal, the CB network's integration into mobile wallets, and the forced opening of the iPhone's NFC chip to third-party wallets (Apple's commitments to the European Commission, 2024), which lets players such as Wero or the banks operate outside Apple Pay.

Source: OSMP (2024: 15% of card payments at the point of sale); 2025–2026: estimates

View data

	Share of in-store card payments made by mobile	Online shoppers using a wallet
2019	1%	15%
2020	2%	20%
2021	4%	26%
2022	6%	33%
2023	10%	41%
2024	15%	50%
2025	20%	57%
2026 (proj.)	25%	62%

Card fraud in France: the PSD2 effect in one curve

Fraud & security

Fraud rate on payments made with French-issued cards (amount lost to fraud ÷ amount paid), in percent. The 2018–2020 high plateau reflects the e-commerce boom without systematic authentication; the 2021–2022 drop coincides exactly with the rollout of PSD2 strong customer authentication (SCA) and 3-D Secure 2, completed in mid-2021. Since then the rate has been flat at its record low (about 0.053%). Fraud has not disappeared; it has moved to victim manipulation (fake bank advisers, credit transfer fraud), outside the card scope.

Source: Banque de France / OSMP, annual reports 2015–2024; 2025: estimate

View data

	Card fraud rate (French-issued cards)
2015	0.07%
2016	0.07%
2017	0.06%
2018	0.06%
2019	0.06%
2020	0.07%
2021	0.06%
2022	0.05%
2023	0.05%
2024	0.05%
2025	0.05%

SEPA instant transfers: a regulation-driven shift

Trends 2025-2026

Share of SEPA credit transfers sent as instant transfers (SCT Inst) in the first quarter of each year, by number of transactions processed by clearing and settlement mechanisms (CSMs). The SEPA Instant regulation has required banks to receive instant transfers since January 2025 and to send them since October 2025, at the same price as a standard transfer. That is sharply accelerating adoption, with Wero also driving consumer uptake.

Source: EPC, SCT Inst statistics, first quarter of 2022–2026

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	Instant share (SCT Inst)
2021	11% of SEPA credit transfers
2022	14% of SEPA credit transfers
2023	17% of SEPA credit transfers
2024	19% of SEPA credit transfers
2025	22% of SEPA credit transfers
2026 (proj.)	27% of SEPA credit transfers

Stablecoins: on-chain volume takes off

Trends 2025-2026

Annual gross stablecoin transfer volume (USDT, USDC, EURC, and others). Growth is spectacular, although a large share is automated (bots, arbitrage), so the “adjusted” volume that reflects payments is lower. Major players (Visa Stablecoin Platform, PayPal's PYUSD, Stripe, the Open USD consortium) are shaping payment use cases.

Source: Chainalysis / Visa Onchain Analytics, 2025 (estimates)

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	On-chain volume
2021	$6,000B (gross on-chain volume)
2022	$7,400B (gross on-chain volume)
2023	$10,800B (gross on-chain volume)
2024	$15,600B (gross on-chain volume)

Card fraud in France: card-not-present payments carry the risk

Fraud & security

Fraud rate (% of value) by acceptance channel for French cards. Card-not-present (e-commerce) payments remain by far the most exposed despite PSD2 strong customer authentication, while in-store and contactless payments show very low rates.

Source: OSMP, Banque de France, 2024 report

View data

	Fraud rate
In store (chip)	0.009% by value
Contactless	0.013% by value
ATM withdrawal	0.024% by value
Card-not-present	0.174% by value