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Réglementation

US bank charter: the OCC says yes to Revolut, on four conditions

On 2 September 2026, through Corporate Decision #1390, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency granted preliminary conditional approval to Revolut Bank US, National Association, a bank planned for Stamford with no branches. The approval requires minimum initial paid-in capital of $95m and a tier 1 leverage ratio of at least 10% for three years, and puts merchant acquiring, forward foreign exchange and foreign non-affiliate correspondent banking behind a prior written no-objection. Retail foreign exchange remains outside the scope of the approval.

The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), the federal regulator of nationally chartered banks in the United States, signed Corporate Decision #1390 on 2 September 2026. It grants preliminary conditional approval to Revolut Bank US, National Association, a full-service bank planned for Stamford, Connecticut, with no branches. The trade press reported it the following day. Approval of this kind opens the organisation phase, during which the organisers raise the capital, hire the management team and build the systems. Permission to open comes later.

What a preliminary approval allows

A de novo charter is the route through which an organising group asks to create a US national bank, under 12 USC 21 to 27 and the chartering rule at 12 CFR 5.20. The organising group filed on 10 March 2026, and the OCC ruled less than six months later. The bank then becomes a body corporate in organisation, and the words In Organization must follow its name in its official documents until it opens. No banking business may start before final approval, which requires a preopening examination.

$95m
minimum initial paid-in capital, net of organisational and preopening expenses
OCC, Corporate Decision #1390, 2 September 2026
10%
minimum tier 1 leverage ratio through the first three years of operation
OCC, Corporate Decision #1390, 2 September 2026
18 months
the point at which the approval expires if the bank has not opened, with capital to be raised within twelve months
OCC, Corporate Decision #1390, 2 September 2026
3
comment letters the OCC received on this charter proposal
OCC, Corporate Decision #1390, 2 September 2026
⚠️
Three authorisations are still missing
The OCC states that its preliminary approval is not permission to open. The bank has to obtain deposit insurance from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, an application the decision describes as under review, subscribe to stock in a Federal Reserve Bank under 12 USC 222, and then receive final approval from the OCC. Revolut Holdings US, the American holding company, and Revolut Group Holdings, the UK parent, have applied to the Federal Reserve to become bank holding companies. Until then, the OCC reserves the right to modify, suspend or rescind the preliminary approval.
A wooden rubber stamp resting on an open legal document
The four conditions are imposed in writing, and the decision states that they are enforceable under 12 USC 1818.

The four conditions

CONDITIONWhat it requiresDuration
Business planSixty days' prior written notice to the supervisory office, then a written determination of no objection from the OCC, before any significant deviation from the business plan or operations, including material changes to products or to risk limitsOrganisation, then the first three years
CapitalCapital levels commensurate with the risk in the business plan, with a tier 1 leverage ratio of no less than 10%First three years of operation
Officers and directorsA filing to the OCC and a letter of no objection before appointing any senior executive officer within the meaning of 12 CFR 5.51(c)(4) or any director, with the definition extended to the compliance, Bank Secrecy Act, technology and information security officersOrganisation, then the first three years
Three reserved activitiesA written determination of no objection from the OCC before the bank offers, markets, issues or otherwise makes available foreign exchange forward, merchant acquiring or foreign non-affiliate correspondent bank productsNo duration stated
The four conditions in Corporate Decision #1390 (OCC, 2 September 2026)

The fourth condition reaches straight into the payments business. Merchant acquiring is the activity of contracting with merchants to accept their card payments, settling the funds to them and carrying the risk of their failure. The decision does not prohibit it. It places the activity behind a written no-objection, alongside forward foreign exchange and services provided to non-affiliated foreign banks. All three expose the bank to counterparty risk that does not come from its own depositors.

Retail foreign exchange sits under a further regime of its own. The decision states that the preliminary conditional approval does not include the proposed retail foreign exchange business, and that the bank will have to file the required information for the OCC's supervisory non-objection before it starts that business, under 12 CFR 48.4. That rule governs retail foreign exchange transactions offered to non-professional customers. Currency exchange has been part of the Revolut offering from the start, and it remains outside the scope of the approval granted on 2 September.

A branded stablecoin, with no issuance and no reserves

The bank plans to offer Revolut-branded stablecoins through a third party. The decision specifies that it will not be the issuer and will not manage any of the related reserves. Its role is limited to marketing, customer access and custody provided through Revolut Ltd, the group's UK company supervised by the Financial Conduct Authority under the Electronic Money Regulations 2011. The bank represents that it will conduct any stablecoin activity in line with the GENIUS Act and its implementing rules once those take effect.

The same split governs digital assets. Custody runs through that same UK affiliate in a non-fiduciary capacity, and the bank does not intend to hold digital assets on its balance sheet. Revenue from those services is projected at less than 2% of total bank revenue across the three-year de novo period. The decision also lets customers pay cross-border remittances using digital assets, stablecoins included.

Office towers surrounded by trees on a clear day
The planned head office is in Stamford, Connecticut, and the bank would operate no branches.

The same day, a second application and different numbers

On 2 September the OCC signed a second preliminary conditional approval, Corporate Decision #1389, for OpenReserve Bank, National Association, in Salt Lake City. OpenReserve plans to issue stablecoins, and its first condition requires it to conform its activities, issuance included, to the GENIUS Act, with compliance judged at the OCC's sole discretion. Revolut, which markets stablecoins without issuing them, carries no equivalent condition.

Revolut Bank US, N.A.OpenReserve Bank, N.A.
Head officeStamford, Connecticut, no branchesSalt Lake City, Utah, no branches
Application filed10 March 202613 April 2026
Minimum initial paid-in capital$95m$210m
Tier 1 leverage ratio, three years10%12%
StablecoinMarketed through a third party, with no issuance and no reserve managementIssuance planned, addressed by the first condition
Two preliminary conditional approvals signed on the same day

After the denials served on Wise and bunq

The OCC denied Wise its national trust bank charter on 21 July 2026, then denied bunq on 4 August, relying on 12 CFR 5.13(b) and on the chartering standards at 12 CFR 5.20(f). The three applications are not directly comparable, because Wise sought a fiduciary charter without deposit insurance, while bunq and Revolut sought an insured full-service bank. Since 2025 the agency has received forty formation applications, approved twenty-one of them and denied two, according to the tally published by The Block.

The clock is now running. The approval lapses if the capital is not raised within twelve months, or if the bank does not open within eighteen months of 2 September 2026. Revolut says it is aiming to open in 2027. The group claims more than 80 million customers worldwide and operates, according to the decision, in more than 39 countries. In the United States it currently distributes prepaid cards, credit and payment services through FDIC-insured partner banks, the arrangement the charter is meant to replace.

Provenance

Published on 3 September 2026

7 sources, 4 distinct domains

OCC, Corporate Decision #1390, Application to Charter Revolut Bank US, National Association · occ.govOCC, Corporate Decision #1389, Application to Charter OpenReserve Bank, National Association · occ.govOCC, Corporate Decision #1381, Wise National Trust (proposed), denied 21 July 2026 · occ.govOCC, Corporate Decision #1384, bunq US Bank, National Association (proposed), denied 4 August 2026 · occ.govThe Block, Revolut takes ‘important’ step toward becoming a US bank with conditional OCC approval · theblock.coPYMNTS, Revolut Gets Conditional OCC OK for US Banking Charter · pymnts.comDisruption Banking, Revolut Receives Conditional Approval from the OCC to Form a National Bank · disruptionbanking.com
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